The problem with cosmology and dark matter is that cosmologists cannot connect dark matter with standard cosmological models. Without knowledge about details of some parts of the system that makes impossible to make complete models of the system.
The fact is that we know only 5% of the universe. We cannot make it complete. And working models about the system where 95% remains unknown. so we know only a little part of the system called universe.
In some models, dark energy is connected with dark matter. The source of dark energy would be dark matter. But confirming this theory is impossible if we cannot see dark matter or dark energy.
In many models, the WIMPs (Weakly interacting massive particles are the thing. That makes the mysterious gravitational effect called dark matter. The form of WIMP is a mystery. There are also models where WIMPs are like gravitational skyrmions.
Or they could be overweight gravitons. But the problem is that nobody saw graviton yet. There is the possibility that gravitational waves that are impacting form the standing gravitational waves. And those gravitational waves are the thing that creates the virtual gravitational effect.
The problem with dark matter is that we cannot see it, but we can see its interaction through gravitation. There is a matter that interacts without any kind of visible core or shell. Or there is something that causes a gravitational effect that looks like the matter. One of those explanations for the form of dark matter is the standing gravitational wave.
"An international team of astrophysicists and cosmologists have submitted five papers suggesting the “clumpiness” (S8 value) of the universe’s dark matter is 0.76, a figure that aligns with other gravitational lensing surveys but not with the 0.83 value derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background". (ScitechDaily.com/Dark Matter Discrepancy: A Cosmic Conundrum in the Standard Cosmological Model)
In this diagram are relations of Dark energy, dark matter, and visible material in the universe.
It's possible that in the universe are points where the Higgs field can interact straight with the material. Higgs field gives mass to objects. And there is the possibility that the Higgs field can create overweight particles in the universe. There are many possible things in the universe. In some models, the Higgs field could repel the gravitational field. So when Higgs field's energy raises through a gravitational field that thing causes the effect, where the gravitational field would escape from that point. That thing causes gravitational waves that seem to come from the empty point.
One of those versions of theories of dark matter without WIMPs is this. The Higgs field, or something that looks like the Higgs field makes holes in the gravitational field. So the Higgs field makes the gravitational skyrmion that falls in that hole. When that hole in the gravitational field falls that thing causes a gravitational wave in the middle of that thing. In some models, the Higgs field pumps mass to gravitons. And those overweight gravitons are things that are forming the mysterious dark matter.
The problem with all theories is that nobody has seen dark matter yet. The second dominating force in the universe is lost. The ESA:s Euclid telescope is sent to find the truth about dark matter. Or maybe Euclid can see things that are giving a tip, how the dark matter forms.
https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-discrepancy-a-cosmic-conundrum-in-the-standard-cosmological-model/
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