The speed of the supercomputer is not alone made ultimate computing.

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Kimmo Huosionmaa

Problem with the quantum computer is not only in building the new kind of microchip. Another problem is to create the program or operating system, what can use all power of the supercomputer. And one solution would be used multi-layer kernel, where the top layer is normal Windows or Linux layer, and that layer communicates with processor thru the lower layer, what is specially designed for those ultimate processors.


The speed of microprocessors is not the only thing, what makes the ultimate computing and ability to make the sharp and powerful simulation. Another important thing is that the programs can communicate and control that electric equipment. In the production of microchips might use nanotechnology, what allows to make the three-atom size of transistors. In those transistors, the foot, collector, and emitter are made of the single atom.


And the super fast computers can also cool to the temperature where it turns to superconducting. It would give it ultimate clock frequency because that superconductor would eliminate the heating of the processor. But then the temperature must be near absolute zero-point or zero Kelvin temperature. Those ultra small and fast components need also new kind of kernels.


This means that if the computer programs and kernel, what makes the layer, where computer microchips are communicating with computer software have no ability to drive computer with full speed, or is not otherwise capable to exploit the full power of those computers, the superfast computers are useless. This is one of the greatest problems with the creating the quantum computer.


There are no programs, what can exploit the capacity of this new kind of supercomputer. One version to solve that problem is to make multilayer kernel, where the top layer is normal Windows or Linux kernel, what would control the lower layer of the kernel. This lower layer of the kernel would be made for communicating with that quantum processor. That would be one solution for that ultra-fast computer.


The ultra-fast computers are needed also in everyday computing because mobile solutions use so-called pre-processed computing, where all calculations happen in the server. This allows making the mobile systems, where are the long-term batteries. The mobile computers like tablets are usually quite weak processors. The calculations must do in somewhere, and those process would happen in the memory of central computers. But the servers must have powerful processors. And this would raise the need to develop the new kind of extreme fast computers, what can be used also for code-breaking.

Sources:

http://www.wired.co.uk/article/quantum-computing-explained

https://thestack.com/data-centre/2017/12/15/australian-engineers-design-silicon-based-quantum-chip/

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http://www.newequipment.com/sites/newequipment.com/files/styles/article_featured_standard/public/brain-quantum-computing-1620.jpg?itok=DQ7rP_xZ

What if the antivirus program transforms as the spying tool?

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Is Kaspersky's antivirus software a spying tool for the Russian intelligence is the very good question. If some antivirus- or firewall software has been used as the spying tool, the results could harm the national security. When we are talking about the use of an antivirus or any other security program as the spying tool, that will give change to the attacker to monitor all data, that goes between the computer and the Internet. But how to modify those extremely safe programs as the spying tool?


The best way is to make the "trojan horse", what just looks like that security program. In this scenario, the hackers just make their own software, what has the same kind of icons than the real antivirus program has, and then they must just route the net traffic to their own server. And then they have full access to any data, what is on that computer. Another way is to put the computer virus or spying program to the router, but the problem of that is that device's operating system is normally Linux, what makes the slipping that tool in the system quite difficult. Making the programs for Linux is different than making them for Windows, but if the monitoring tool can be set in the router, the hackers can monitor all data, what goes thru this device.


The problem of those hackers is that if too many persons will download that program, they would get so much data, that it becomes useless, and in the nastiest scenarios they will send the "sale offers" to the targetted persons, and in this case those persons will pay for those programs, what will steal their personal pictures and other data, what they wanted to keep secrecy.


That most advanced malware software might be stolen from the NSA (National Security Agency) or some other information security authority. Those tools were the national secret, but somebody copied the editors in their USB-stick and then those persons just walked away from Fort Meade. That software has been used to create computer monitor tools, what became public in the case, where the Iranian nuclear program have been monitored. And that software has probably been sold to the Russian intelligence and probably the criminals also have their copies of that complicated software.


But if the person is the good coder, can the necessary programming tools downloaded from the Internet. And in this scenario, the hacker will make the package, what looks like the update package for the antivirus software. This action bases that the antivirus tools must be updated simultaneously, that they can be effectively detected the malware. And if the computer virus will strike in the antivirus software, that might open the back gate to the system, and then all data can be stolen. Then the hackers might cover their crime by destroying the data system by the virus what forces to reinstall the system again, and if the backups were not made, the databases and evidence of the data crime would be stolen forever.

What actually means the security and certifications?

Kimmo Huosionmaa

When some people come to make certificates about companies they normally show the people, who they really are. They are formers of their companies or other organizations and they show that position with some identification card. They will go around the workgroup, and also talk with the people. Those consults mission is to get all information about their target organization, and also find out weaknesses about it. This is what the real consults do in the real life.


They don’t hide behind some code names or if they use code name the organization contact information and homepages are able to find in the public place. When we are talking about security checks, we must realize that no firm in the world leaves to one source. They use also official members, who have identification cards and the stealth-operators, who work invincible. That deals mission is to ensure, that those persons who authorize certificates get the right information about the target organization. And also security personnel must patron in the area by physically and using electronic equipment. That is calling “the offensive security”. The security personnel wants to patrol all the time in their workspace and make the sudden tests how the security works in the company.


That is important when certifications are given for training or educational purpose. There is a risk that those companies just take the money don’t make any educations. And that might cause the situation, that the trust of that certificate and systems decreases. Educational certificates are normally given for some specific system, and they are controlled by the organization, what delivery of the system. And if those systems don't work good, the result might be devastating for that organization business. Here we must say that the golden rule of the security analyses is “the quieter you become, the more you are able to hear and see”. That motto is from Kali-Linux homepages.


That is because if there are some problems, those people can contact to their boss to inform that person of those things. And of course, they will inform if something disturbs them. They don’t call to target organization couple of days later and tell the people, that somebody disturbs them when they want to speak with senior specialists. Also, the report what those people, will make is always public. Or at least there is the couple of words to say about it. The target organization chief normally mentions what kind of picture they got from the organization and its workers.


Sometimes there are so-called fake certificate makers who are possibly some unemployed persons, who are from another country. They think that if that person is coming from other country and speaks foreign languages, the target organization will not doubt them. That is the legendary trick what is used in industrial spying and stealing the information. That’s why those companies what offers that kind of service must have strong background checks, and they must show their authority of the certificate.


A couple of persons from the United States will come to the workplace and then they will take photographs and collect the information about target organization. And when there was wait for the report, it won’t come on the time, and after the reclamation, there was no that kind of company even exist. That is the lesson, what everybody must always remember when there is coming to some certificate to the company.

Cyber weapons are cheap and effective tool what almost anybody can get

Copyright for picture Saxonsgroup.com.au

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Cyber weapons are an effective tool if somebody wants to harm Internet-based networks. This kind of weapon is in the worst scenario so effective as so-called "blackout" bomb. Cyber weapons are actually computer viruses or other malware what will destroy computers operating systems and databases and if malware is so-called "logical bomb". This type of computer virus is made that it activates in one particular day when it can cause very bad damages for computer infrastructure.


Computer weapons are theoretically ineffective against military system what is prepared for an attack. But if an attacker finds system what is not immune to computer viruses he must cause very much trouble. In the worst scenario, the cyber attacker takes control in some nuclear plants computer. And in this scenario heart of reactor melts down and causes china syndrome, what could cause very large scale nuclear disaster, because in this scenario liquid plutonium will flow to land.


Those command systems are theoretically immune because they use special Unix or Linux based operating systems and there is used the only special checked code, what will not upload from the Internet. But there is a backdoor what might use with a cyber attack. If the key card will be reprogrammed with the computer virus, what will break in the system by door scanners could situation turn very bad. Computer virus can't destroy the operating system itself but it can remove databases of the system.


If backup systems don't connect automatically when problems will see, there is a risk that operational control will be loose is very real. Cyber weapons are more effective against civil ICT-infrastructure. This kind of attack may be for financial reasons, and it might use by criminals who want to make bank robbery with hacking. After hacking a system with master users password the criminal must cover his prints and after money transferring they could explode all logs of the system.


This is for deleting databases what mission is to collect information of data traffic, and that will make impossible to tracking those guys from the net. Otherwise using "logical bomb" will be used in simple blackmailing operation. After hiding malware to some company's network could criminals sent a letter to that company, that if the target will give them a million criminals will give code what helps them to remove the virus from the system of that company. Some cyber weapons just sent "ping" or "echo request" asks for the target system, what can't be used in normal Internet communication, and this kind of attack is called a denial of service attack.


The cyber attacker can also use malware for spying some systems. And that kind of malware can give any information what moves in target organization computers to the spy who collects data for production plannings and next year designs. That can cause very strong financial problems to a company what have spent time and money for a new design of a product.  And after that, some hacker steals that data and sells that to other companies what can begin production immediately. That's why stealing business secrets is against law.