Another strange polar explorer: Salomon Andrée 1897

Famous picture of Andrée's balloon wreck

https://gamesandtehories.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Another very well known polar expedition was made by Salomon Andrée or S.A Andrée (1854-1897)  in 1897, and that trip was fatal for him and his two mates. The expedition seems very interesting because when Andrée left for his final journey, he used the hydrogen balloon, what was made of rubber. That means the balloon couldn't be fixed if something made the hole on it. And because the balloon was made of rubber, the refilling with hot air was impossible.


There is the fatal design error in that balloon. If the air sailor wanted to use hydrogen balloon, should the rubber balloon put in the canvas balloon, what would make the trip safer. The problem with hydrogen balloon is, that it can raise very high, and be trimming the altitude must the hydrogen released from rubber balloon.


And in the case of Andrée, this gas must be replaced by something. If the hydrogen balloon would rise too high, the crew would be lost conscious, or even get the brain damage. If the hydrogen balloon would put in the canvas balloon, the last one could be filled with hot air, and that would help those persons fly away from the North Pole if they would get the fuel for fire from somewhere. Another way to solve the problem of return would be solved by carrying another rubber balloon and the hydrogen bottle with the balloon.


The backup bottle would be put to hang on the top of the wire under the balloon, that the explosion would not harm the balloon. But the use of hydrogen is not the best way in this kind of trips. If Andrée would use hot air balloon, the fuel for the fire could get from anywhere, where is burning material. Even bryophytes and lichen could be used for fire, that would raise the balloon to air.


And the hot air balloon would be fixed easier. The problem with hydrogen would be that if the backup bottle would be damaged the gas would flee away or explode with very high power. The name Andrée is also very interesting. Did he change it? Andrée seems like the first name and did that man hide his real identity? But that could also be like that he had an unusual family name.



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._A._Andr%C3%A9e%27s_Arctic_Balloon_Expedition_of_1897

Picture I

https://varldenshistoria.se/utforskning/upptacktsresor/pa-katastrofkurs-mot-nordpolen

Transistor shaped miniature robots are maybe investigating the surface of Titan moon in the future

Artist's impression of the balloon, that
investigates the surface of Titan
(Picture 1)

Kimmo Huosionma

How some animal actually moves its legs might seem not very interesting or relevant knowledge. But this information is the most relevant, when we are creating walking robots, what can move them in extreme difficult landscape. Those next-generation robots can be actually similar than some space probes in 1960’ and 1970’s. They would have similar legs than those landing crafts, what landed on Moon and Mars. But they would have one big difference, those legs would be moving.


The next generation space probe would travel across the landscape like some giant spider, and that allows to investigate larger areas than before. The problem with the wheeled bed is problematic, because the wheels need quite a flat base, that they could be used. And if the site of that robot or craft would be on the edge of the sand, the waves would be problematic, because the wheels have so big layer, that waves can tip the machine.


In the wave line of the coast is needed a robot, what can stand in place in heavy waves. That’s why the engineer must copy the same solution, what the crayfish or some bugs use when they are living near the sea. This kind of robots would be sent to the Saturn giant moon Titan, to investigate the hydrocarbon seas of that moon. There might be found the bacteriological organisms, or some other explanations, why there are no other known living planets like Earth?


Maybe Titan can give the answer, why we are so lucky, that we don’t have competitors in our own solar system. The robots what could be sent to that strange world are might be sized and shaped similar to old-time transistors. They can be delivered from the balloon, what might investigate this giant moon in the future. And they would be sent there even thousands. Those miniature space probes would be the masterpiece of integrated microcircuits, and they could cover very large areas of that moon. Their mission would find interesting places for bigger lenders, what have more sophisticated laboratories and capacity to analyze the preparation.


But the problem is that those bigger laboratories need safe places to land. The preparations would be taken from the surface of that planet, and that’s why there would need the miniature probes to investigate and locate the place where might be found amino acids or marks of living organisms. That’s why there would be lots of miniature probes would deliver to the Titan surface. And if some of them see something interesting, the bigger probe would land in that place or near it. Then the laboratory would walk to the place, where is the marks of bacteria if smaller probes would find this kind of thing, and then call the bigger ones to make the more sharp investigation to make sure, that the finding is actually some bacteria.


Sources:
http://www.sci-news.com/space/planetaryscience/hydrocarbon-seas-titan-calm-05016.html

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/27579784/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/could-hot-air-balloon-help-map-saturn-moon/


Picture 1:

http://media1.s-nbcnews.com/j/MSNBC/Components/Bylines/mugs/NBC%20News/081106-titan-hmed-140p.grid-6x2.jpg

The miniaturization can revolutionize the exploration and intelligence. (As I have said many times before)

"Glider over Mars"
David Hardy
(Picture1)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Above is the picture what is painted by artist David Hardy, and it is a portrait of the glider, what flies above the Martian canyon, and this made me think, that what that kind of small size solar-powered glider can give to the scientists and military intelligence. The small size automatized gliders, what uses the solar power could operate years in the Martian or any planet atmosphere, and I think that this kind of device can operate without touching the planet surface. The only thing what is needed is to connect the big balloon in that glider, what makes it possible to stay flying in the atmosphere.


The thing works like when the glider's batteries become weak, the balloon, what should keep it airborne will open, and then the tube will drop to the lower level of the atmosphere, where capillary phenomenon will bring the gas thru the small turbine, what gives electricity to the computers. This kind of turbine-
 the generator combination should reload the batteries of that small remotely controlled vehicle, what is actually the jetpack, what is equipped with the computer and remote-control electronics.


When the batteries are full, the compressor will suck the gas out from the balloon back to the bottle, and the drone can continue its operations. In the earth atmosphere, that kind of miniaturized drones can be used as the intelligence, surveillance and even for attack missions.


They can patrol some areas and send data to the authorities about the actions, what people are doing in there. They can look for missing people, but in the military world, they can do very many things, what big aircraft can do, but they are cheaper for produce. And the reason, why Cesium-batteries are not suitable for this kind of drones, is that if they were shot down, the high radioactive Cesium will go to hands of terrorists, who might use them to build the "dirty bomb", what means the device, what delivers radioactive material to the air, and "dirty bomb" can poison many people.


Those long enduring drones can slip into the hostile airspace, and search for the action in that area. They can also point targets to the attack aircraft, and if we are honest, can be equipped with the warheads. In this scenario, the same drones, what sends the data for intelligence officials, can be used as the missiles, what eliminates interesting targets. The drones can be equipped with detectors, what search the radio-messages, and they will use to eliminate the radios from the battlefield. Those targets might be radar antennas, aircraft, ammunition storages, command systems, and of course the vehicles what carries the leaders of the enemy.

Sources:

Picture 1

https://i.pinimg.com/564x/c9/7d/e3/c97de328bc253485beafd2281afa2b93--futuristic-vehicles-futuristic-art.jpg