Researchers created the ability to mass-produce nanomaterial called "MXene".

 Researchers created the ability to mass-produce nanomaterial called "MXene". 

The nanomaterial "MXene" is the material that turns harder when somebody or something presses it. The "MXene" is one of the examples of 2D "molecular structures". When somebody talks about the 2D nanomaterial, normally people talk about the graphene, an atom layer of carbon. 

The "molecular 2D" structures mean that the material is one layer of molecules like lipids. Those lipide molecules are forming soap, and sometimes those lipids are used as tweezers in nanotechnology. But if engineers will cover the entire layer using one lipide layer that material will get new abilities. The thing that makes the nanomaterial interesting is its form. When somebody tries to push one layer-lipids that are in the same way together the lipide's "feet" are pushing against each other. 

"KIST researchers developed a method to predict molecule distribution on MXene, a nanomaterial, using its magnetoresistance property, paving the way for easier quality control and mass production. The research also highlighted MXene’s diverse applications based on the Hall scattering factor. Credit: Korea Institute of Science and Technology." (ScitechDaily.com/A Dream Nanomaterial: Breakthrough in Mass Production of MXene)

There is one thing that can revolutionize the armor and space technology. Those things are the "nanopyramids" the molecules that are forming a pyramid-shaped structure. If those pyramids are overlapping against each other. That thing makes it impossible to push anything through them if that material is created by using nanodiamonds. 

In some other versions, the material's molecule structure looks like a prism or gable roof. If two "roofs " are against each other overlapping. That thing makes material also very hard to penetrate because the structure turns harder when somebody pushes it. 

The nanotechnology is a tool that makes the new types of materials possible. Those nanomaterials can make the fundamental applications in civil and military products possible. The nanomaterial called "MXene" is one of the promising things for new types of armor. The nanomaterial's structure that you see in the image is like small "pyramids". 

When something hits or presses that material, the molecule's feet are pressing against each other. And that thing makes it hard to press that structure together. So the "MXene" is the material that turns harder when something presses it. That nanomaterial looks like soap lipids. When we think possibility of covering large surfaces by using one molecule layer of those lipids, that thing makes it possible to create a new type of surface, that can turn hard and stand against hard strikes. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-dream-nanomaterial-breakthrough-in-mass-production-of-mxene/

DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems.

 DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems. 

DNA and biochemistry with molecular biology are emerging and promising tools for high-power computing. The DNA-based computers can use the biochemical core along with DNA. And then, that system can communicate with regular microelectronics. The system can run over 100 billion programs, and that makes the system an interesting multi-tasker.

The DNA molecules can act as the programs for next-generation AI-based microchip-kernel applications. Chemical DNA computing uses nanotechnical systems to make the DNA that acts as the perforated tape in that system. In those models, the DNA transfers information between processors. In that model, DNA replaces electric wires in components as data transporter. But it requires fast-operating nanotechnology. 

The most futuristic visions of DNA-based computers are computers that use fast-operating nanotechnology. In that model, the system creates the synthetic DNA molecules by using nanotechnology. And those DNA molecules act like perforated tape of the old-fashioned computers. However, the system can use the DNA as a tool that can run complex AI-based software. And maybe the AI-based kernel architecture uses the DNA molecules as programs. 

There are three types of electric DNA computers. Or, the number of DNA-based computers depends on how we determine the use of the DNA in those systems. 

1) The computers that use DNA molecules as the microprocessors. Those DNA bites can act as part of regular-looking microchips. 

1a) The DNA can act as an information handler itself. 

1b) The DNA can act as a program for the ROM circuits. 

2) The computers that use DNA as the components like springs that control switches. 

3) Living cells that are used to process information. 

3a) Dummy systems, or systems that use dummy cells. Those systems can be bacteria which fibers can act as connectors. Those bacteria can be microchip controlled. 

3b) The systems that use intelligent cells like living neurons as data handlers.

In DNA-based computing, DNA is the tool that replaced regular microchips. If each base pair is one state of the DNA-based microprocessor. Data travels from the first vertical strand through horizontal base pairs to another main strand. That thing gives the DNA the ability to run billions of programs at the same time. The system can work like this. The microchip or some optical system transports data from regular microchips to DNA. 

The system can use miniature lasers that shoot photons to silicon bites. Those silicone bites are at the point of every base pair. Their mission is to transfer photons into electric impulses. Then data travels through those base pairs into the DNA's other side. DNA-based computing is a new and promising tool. The DNA computer's multi-tasking ability can used in quantum computing. That means every base pair acts as one qubit's state. This thing makes those systems even more powerful than nobody expected. 

https://www.britannica.com/technology/DNA-computing

https://futurism.com/worlds-first-reprogrammable-dna-computer

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/dna-based-computer-can-run-100-billion-different-programs/ar-AA1gF86Y

https://www.wired.com/story/finally-a-dna-computer-that-can-actually-be-reprogrammed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing

Quantum mechanics and artificial intelligence are used to model high-temperature chemical reactions.

 Quantum mechanics and artificial intelligence are used to model high-temperature chemical reactions. 

"Schematic of the bridging of the cold quantum world. And high-temperature metal extraction with machine learning". Credit: Rodrigo Ortiz de la Morena and Jose A. Garrido Torres/Columbia Engineering(SciTechDaily)

The chemical reactions are similar to the reactions in the quantum world. But the scale of those reactions is larger. And artificial intelligence can use to model reactions between high-temperature and low-temperature objects. Also, artificial intelligence can use to model how the reactions in the quantum world affect molecules? 

There are certain rules on how chemical bonds form or how they cut. When we are thinking about chemical bonds. They are like small-size feet or hands. That are connecting atoms. In the world of chemicals, everything has some kind of effect on the reaction. When the energy level of the components of the chemical reactions is chanced. 

That thing causes changes in the speed of reaction. By stressing chemicals with high accurate energy bursts like laser rays are possible to warm the molecules precisely to the right temperature. Also, the things like cooling other participate and warming others make it possible to adjust the dominating part of the reaction. 

There is possible to spray electrons or protons between molecules. And that is making it possible to adjust their ability to touch each other. If there is iron or some other magnetic chemical in the chemical compound. That thing means that magnetic fields affect those chemicals. 

The laser rays can be used to move single molecules and connect them to macro-molecules like fullerene chains. In those chains maybe 100 C-60 fullerene molecules are put to chains. And that thing forms the C-6000 molecule. The laser ray and ultrasound tweezers can use to put the single fullerene molecule to an extremely complicated structure. 

The fullerene molecule is acting the same way as a single carbon atom. And that thing makes it possible to connect them to similar but larger structures with single carbon atoms. So there is the possibility to make the carbon molecule structures there are thousands or even millions of carbon atoms. 

And basically, the chemical reactions are forming or cutting the bonds. And reconnect those bonds with other atoms. So the machine learning can collect data about the chemical and physical environment where some chemical reactions are created. And then those conditions can multiply with other reaction chambers. The thing is that many elements are affecting chemical reactions. 

Of course, catalyzation or inhibiting reactions. By using some other chemicals are an important thing. Things like protective gases like noble-gas layers. Or extremely high accurately calculated gas mixtures. Are things that make it possible to create a new types of chemical compounds, like complicated carbon structures that are needed for nanomachines. 

But also the physical conditions like radiation affect chemical reactions. The ionization, thermal or ionizing radiation have effects on chemical reactions. As well as things like does the reaction chamber moving which means that is connected to centrifuges. Or does the reaction happen in micro gravitation? Also, things like sunlight and magnetic fields affect chemical reactions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-mechanics-and-machine-learning-used-to-accurately-predict-chemical-reactions-at-high-temperatures/

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-mechanics-and-machine-learning-used-to-accurately-predict-chemical-reactions-at-high-temperatures/

The dancing molecules repair severe spinal cord injuries.

The molecules that can repair the injuries are also giving new visions for nanotechnology and non-organic use. Similar molecules are repairing the injuries in the spinal core can also use to fix all other tissues. The idea is that the molecule itself is repairing the injury. Or it can carry living cells or aim things like fibrine to the right place. 

This kind of system can close veins to tumors. Or if the fibrin cell will connect with nanomachines. The system can inject fibrin into cells that operators want to destroy. In that case, the fibrin just fills the targeted cell. 

But they can use for many other things. The fibrin can also use in the microchips. The fibrin can form the support structure and small carbon or gold bites can glue on that structure. And that thing can make the thin electric wires for the extremely small microchips. 

The dancing molecules that repair spinal cord injuries are opening the road for the new type of surgery. Similar molecules can have many types of use in medicine and also another type of engineering. The molecules that are spinning around each other can use to create the fibers in the liquid. 

The thing is that nanotechnology can repair many injuries in the body without needing a visible surgeon. Those molecules can inject into the veins, and then they can position things like fibrine in the right position. Biotechnology allows connecting fibrine cells to the nanomachines. 

And then, that system can use to fix the blood veins. The hybrid systems where living cells are connected to nanomachines are revolutionizing nanotechnology and medical technology. 

The idea is that the molecules are spinning around each other, and then the catalyst would chain the molecules that are leaving between those two molecules. Those kinds of molecules can make the chains in the polymer liquids, and they can use to make new materials. The new molecules are opening new visions for the systems that are smaller than human cells. 

https://scitechdaily.com/regenerative-medicine-breakthrough-dancing-molecules-successfully-repair-severe-spinal-cord-injuries/

Writing about snow, what could be black or white

Kimmo Huosionmaa

One of the three forms of water is ice. And the most beautiful form of the water is snow. Snow is actually crystal-shaped ice, what is fascinating material. The reason, why snow crystals structure is so exciting, is that every snow crystal has the different structure. And the structure of the snow is like growing crystal. The shape of the snow crystal allows that the structure can be grown in very large scale. The show itself is very tricky material because it needs low temperature for creation. The zero celsius is absolute maximum temperature, where snow can be creating. And in this temperature, the snowflakes would be big and they seem like cotton pieces.


The flat shape of the snow crystals can get their shape at lower temperatures, where is creating lighter snow, what seems like Bulwer. The shape of snow crystals is so fascinating because the shape of water molecules looks the little bit like teddy-bear. And the ionization will make the situation possible, that the water molecules start to make growing mass.  But we can, in theory, make the material that can act like water. The carbon can use as the base of this material, what has the same poisonous classification than cyanide. In this chemical reaction, the oxygen of the water is replaced with carbon, where two hydrogen atoms will be connected. This material chemical formula is C-H2 (I don’t know how to get the upper index from my keyboard). It should act like water, but it is more poisonous. If we can produce this material enough, we could build artificial ”black snow”.


This carbon base material could grow the crystals like water. The oxygen has four electrons in the outer layer of the electron-core, and it has the same electron structure than sulfur or selenium. Also, Polonium has the same electron structure with oxygen, and we could grow the polonium chrystals in the laboratory, but this is only the theory. In real life, Polonium is very high radioactive material, and this kind of experiments are serving only theoretical research. When we are talking about using the material like Selene for growing crystals, that might be suitable for medical use. In some cases, the blood vessels to the tumor could lock by using this kind of material, what can create the shape like artificial snow crystal to the blood vessels.


If we could create non-poisonous material what can create growing crystal, we could make an ultimate cure for some cancer types. This material could base the carbon, and if we could make the situation, where this material can grow the crystals in the human body, we could make the growing structure, what will be transferred to the cells of the tumor. And then this structure will start to grow inside the tumor or its cells and fills them with this material. It could kill those cells immediately. But the problem with that carbon base material is that it is so poisonous. Another way is use selenium in the base, and maybe it would work better in this medical use.

Could the car of tomorrow change their shape like the amoeba?

(Picture 1)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Some ideas of the nano-technology seem like SciFi, and they look like "too technical". But we must remember, that yesterday's SciFi is today's reality. And when we are talking about the nano-dough, what could take any form, what it wants, we must remember, that there is only the very large mass of those tiny artificial molecules needed, when they could take the shape of the big object.


But maybe some days of the future, that thing could be possible. In that mass would be tiny nano-sized microprocessors, what would control that dough, and they might have the capacity for using artificial intelligence to control that artificial amoeba. The nanotechnology makes very many advantages for every product in the world.


When we are looking at the opportunities of that technology, we even cannot imagine how wonderful, effective and frightening is this new material-technology, what can revolutionize almost everything in the world. At tomorrow we might just upset the mass to the ground, and then that dough will formatting itself as the shape of the house or even the car. In theory, nanotechnology will make possible to build the "Kitt 2000"-type automobile, what can be reformatting the shape anytime, when it needs another shape.



The motor would be not the problem, and in theory, the nano-dough can also use as the motors, what would be liquid, when those nano-machines would not need anymore. This theoretical robot-amoeba could take any form when it needs, and if the car would make this material, it can take the form, what could be called as "pancake".  When this hypothetical car would park, it can avoid the parking ticket, because it would take the "pancake form".  So, in theory, that car can take a new form as the airplane or barrier. When we are -talking about those visions, we must consider that that nanomachines are looking like the silver dough and that mass would be full of little "spiders", what would use as the forming that mass.


The mass itself would be the hybrid molecules of silicon and some magnetic metal, and when the mass needs new shape, those robot spiders will format that mass, and then the electricity will be conducted to that dough would those molecules locked together for the new thing. The problem of that thing is, that the nano-dough is needed very much if that mass wanted to take a shape or airplane. But that kind of nanotechnology can be used as the material, what could be fixed by themselves.


Sources

Picture 1

http://www.billigstautos.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/knight-rider-ford-mustang-kitt-neu.jpg