Ions and metasurfaces are the new tools for robotics.

"Schematics of multiplexing metadevices based on coherent wave interferences. Credit: OEA" (ScitechDaily, Pushing Optical Limits: Metasurfaces Achieve Near Infinite Light Control in a Single Device)

The new metasurfaces and ion channels turn information technology and nanomechanics forever. The photonic or photon-reacting and interacting metasurfaces make it possible to create devices that can operate independently in complex situations. 

Those photonic-controlled devices can make things like highly advanced morphing systems possible. In nanotechnology, it's essential to control systems. That is smaller than some molecules. And the metasurfaces are one thing that makes that system possible. When we think about systems like cars and robots that can change their shape, we must realize one thing. 

Those morphing surfaces will be created by nanomachines that act as the morphing neural network. Those small robots can take any form that they ordered. The system can interact with outsider observers like small drones that can tell that small, soundbite size nanorobot swarm how they should move to take a certain form. That thing means that the AI-controlled system can take any shape that it sees. The drone can make the 3D scanned image, and then order those nanorobots to take it. 

In some futuristic visions of the future, the data travels in the organic network. Those systems can be neurons or some hybrid cells. The long threads transport information like neurons. Those systems can transport information between those neurons by using the lion channels. Those ion channels make it possible for information to travel most of the time in chemical form. When that neurotransmitter reaches that neurotransmitter, it sends an electric impulse to the microchip that decodes the message. 

Ion channels are interesting. Those channels can form the ion superhighways that can make new ultra-secured data transmission possible. In those nanorobots, the system can have a small tube that transfers those ions from one place to another. The ion can transport information as well as electrons or photons.  There are multiple ways to make that data transportation. 

"Record ion speeds are achieved in organic conductors where local molecules can attract or repel ions from nanochannels that act as ion superhighways. Credit: Second Bay Studios" (ScitechDaily, Ion Superhighways: The Nanotech Breakthrough Powering Tomorrow’s Tech)

One is to use two ion channels and shoot ions through them. The ion channel one is the one in the binary system. And the ion channel two is the zero in the binary system. Those ion channels can be thousands of kilometers long. And that allows the system to transport ions over long distances. 

In some Sci-fi-Books that kind of system can also transport antimatter like positrons and anti-protons into the wanted point. This kind of system can installed in the robot bug. The robot bug transports those antimatter particles to the wanted point in the magnetic chamber, that puts them to flow. 

That denies antimatter contact with the walls of that chamber. Then the robot injects antiparticles through that ion accelerator or ion proboscis. That kind of weapon would be extremely horrible. And one of them can destroy even warships. The antimatter energy level is so high, that a gram of that matter turns the entire Earth into a molecular cloud. 

The ion-based information transport system is one of the versions of ultra-secured data transmission. The idea is that. The system can deny the outsider observer. To see ion. If the outsider harms the ion channel that thing is seen in control rooms. The receiving system must require the energy level and speed of ions to be at a certain level. Those things tell that ion is part of the message. 

The ion channel is also a vacuum, and if somebody wants to steal information, that launches the pressure sensor and denies the ion flow. The ion systems might not look as effective and wonderful as photonic systems. But they can interact between living neurons or organic microchips and regular, non-organic systems. In that system, the microchip transports information to the neuron cell's ion channel using the ions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ion-superhighways-the-nanotech-breakthrough-powering-tomorrows-tech/

https://scitechdaily.com/pushing-optical-limits-metasurfaces-achieve-near-infinite-light-control-in-a-single-device/

Writing about mass-production of graphene (Graphite what have only one layer of carbon atoms)

Layer of the graphene
Picture 1

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Production of the one atomic layer graphite or graphene is very difficult in the real world because the graphite must be cut that way, the only one layer of the carbon atoms will separate from the structure. In theory, the production of that material is very easy. The surface is just painted black with the pencil, and then the outer layer of the atoms will cut off, but the reason why this is very difficult is that the structure of that material is so small. The cutting knife must be put between the atom layers, and then the one layer of those atoms are separated from the bite of the graphite. There is one change to cut off one layer of carbon atoms from the surface, what is covered by graphite.


The thing what might be promising is to use very thin laser ray to cut the outer layer of the carbon off the structure, and if that thing will be working, it will be changed to make very big graphene layers. And if we could make the big layers of the material, what is so hard, that two layers of atoms will stop the bullets, will that make the revolution for buildings and security stuff. The graphene material is very light, and it can be used to cover the windows or balconies with the extremely hard material.


But the problem is that the laser ray must be very thin. But is the laser will use like the planer, would the normal size laser work in this kind of problem. The laser will move forward and backward for planing the outer layer of the graphite. And same time the thickness of the graphite layer is metered with scanning tunnel microscope to prove that there is only one layer of this extremely hard material left. Another way is to use the ionized carbon molecules, what will pull to the surface with the electric field. This looks little bit painting of cars, but in this scenario, the material what will dush to the surface is carbon molecules or extreme small size carbon dust. And after that, the laser might use to make one layer graphite or graphene.


The problem of making the nanotubes is more easy to solve. If the fullerene tubes might not be very small, the carbon might able to steam in the very high temperature and pressure in the surface of the wool fiber. In this reaction the wool fiber will put in the high-pressure chamber, where is methane in the space where is all oxygen removed.


If the oxygen is removed, the wool fiber doesn’t burn. Then the pressure and temperature will rise high enough, that carbon will reduce in the surface of the wool fiber, what can be cooled by pumping the water thru it. But maybe the temperature doesn’t rise too hard that this wool fiber will be melted. When there is no oxygen in the chapel, the carbon won’t start to burn. And maybe that technology allows the future to make very thin but hard carbon fibers, with large-scale mass production.

Sources:

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130344815