The electromagnetic thrusters will revolutionize space missions.

"A solar-powered electromagnetic propulsion (EP) spacecraft design. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, How Electric Thrusters Are Revolutionizing Space Exploration)

Ion and electron engines revolutionize space technology. 

All electromagnetic thrusters are not ion systems. Some engine systems use lasers and microwave systems to boil frozen liquids and water to make pressure for rocket engines. 

Those systems are not as new as people believe. In 2007 the Dawn space probe used ion engines in a successful mission to research asteroids Ceres, Vesta, Juno, and Pallas. That ion thruster allowed it to operate and make maneuvers in the asteroid belt. 

Those systems make long-term propulsion possible. And they can make things like Mars missions more effective. 

Ion thrusters can use solar power. As well as they are suitable for nuclear reactors. And that makes them good tools for things like asteroid belt missions. Solar-power ion thrusters are also suitable for orbital missions. The satellite that can use ion thrusters can operate very flexibly. And it can make them good for scientific and military missions. 

The problem with ion thrusters is that those systems have very weak thrust. The answer could be the Medusa-drive type solution. There those ions will be blown to the solar sail-type structure. 

That ion sail will give new abilities for those systems. That increases their thrust. 

"Pictured is a 6 kW Hall thruster in operation at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, How Electric Thrusters Are Revolutionizing Space Exploration)

Or, the system can use the high-energy plasma that injects it into the engine system. That looks like the hood or the bell. The system shoots a laser beam through that plasma. 

That makes it a whirl. The plasma whirl will press against the front side of the chamber. The ion thrusters are interesting military. Because they can be used as weapons. 

The problem is ions repel each other. That spreads those ion beams. 

How to keep the beam in its form.  In some versions. The target must be loaded with opposite-polar electricity. 

Or something puts magnets on a satellite shell or behind a satellite. 

That pulls plasma from the Van Allen belt to the target. 

That pulls ions or anions to it. Another way to keep the ion beam in its shape is an ion cannon. That shoots an electron beam along with an ion beam. And those opposite polar particles should keep that beam in its form. 

The ion thruster can create the ion layer between satellites and the ground station. That ion system denies communication between ground stations and satellites. 

And it's an effective way to jam the GPS. The ion layer between aircraft and radars makes it impossible to see the ground from the air. But it also can deny ground radars to see the flying aircraft. 

https://scitechdaily.com/plasma-powered-rocket-designed-for-deep-space-exploration/

https://aiandthefuture.wordpress.com/2025/01/05/the-electromagnetic-thrusters-will-revolutionize-space-missions/

The Medusa: advanced nuclear pulse propulsion.

Basically. The Medusa system is based on a similar concept. With the famous project Orion. The attempt to create the nuclear pulse propulsion for the interplanetary flight. Project Orion planned to use small nuclear bombs to accelerate its speed to interplanetary missions. And basically. We can say that the Medusa is the modified  "Orion" that uses the solar sail for acceleration. 

The solar sail can be packed at the nose of the "Orion" and the system can use solar energy to accelerate its speed before it detonates nuclear bombs. Even if in that film the nuclear bomb is detonated at the front of the craft. It's possible to detonate them behind the craft and then the would be the Orion, which uses solar sail for accelerating its speed and the nuclear bombs will get into use when the caft is away from the sun. 

When sunlight is weak the Medusa system can continue its journey by using nuclear bombs like small hydrogen bombs. The craft can have two magnets away from its shell. Their mission would be to transfer ions like helium or alpha ions and beta particles like anions and electrons into those magnets. That protects the spacecraft shell and its crew or measurement tools against those particles. And if those nukes launch at the front of the craft those magnets minimize the force that pushes the craft backward. 

There are many ways to use nuclear bombs in acceleration. The craft can carry nuclear bombs inside it. The small neutron bombs will push the craft forward. But then we can think that large-size hydrogen bombs will shoot into space at certain points of the Medusa's trajectory. When Medusa passes those points the 50 mt. Hydrogen bombs will explode. And they will push the craft forward. But in some models, the system can use things like small antimatter bombs to give acceleration. 

In some lightweight systems, the large parabolic mirror will heat the hydrogen in the tank. Hydrogen can give energy to the solar generators. And if the system has a cooler that thing can make it possible to recycle hydrogen. 

Medusa as a weapon. 

There is the possibility to use the Medusa-type system as a weapon. In those systems, parabolic mirror collects sunlight for lasers. In lasers, those mirrors will aim the sunlight at the laser element which can be carbon dioxide laser. Those lasers give very high-energy pulses. The large mirror can also operate as an energy collector for nuclear lasers. 

In those systems, the nuclear weapon's flash will focus by using that mirror into the lasers that can be very powerful. In some other versions of the high-power X-ray lasers, the laser system gets its energy from the nuclear bomb that detonates around the laser element. That gives a very high power energy impulse to the target. 

The new systems are making it possible to create nano- and quantum materials.

"An artist’s representation of a scanning tunneling microscope probing a toluene molecule. Credit: Dr. Kristina Rusimova, Hannah Martin, and Pieter Keenan" (ScitechDaily, Breakthrough in Nanotechnology Unlocks Atomic Precision for Medicine and Energy)

The new observation tools like X-ray microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes make it possible for researchers to see things that happen inside atoms. The limit of microscopes is the radiation wavelength that the microscope sees. And the microscope cannot see objects whose diameter is smaller than the observation radiation tool's wavelength. New microscopes see things like structures from individual protons and neutrons. 

The limit for observation tools like scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) is the size of the particle the system uses to scan objects. The STM hovers particles between the layer and the stylus. The changes in the quantum fields around that hovering object tell about the layer that the system scans. 

The particle that hovers between an object and a stylus is the limit of the resolution of the scanning tunneling microscope. And if the system can hover gluon or quark between it and its target. That thing forms the system that resolution is so high, that it can help to move single protons, neutrons, electrons, and other things like quarks. 

The quantum entanglement makes it possible to hover single photons above the target. Things like gamma-ray microscopes can give even more high-resolution images of atoms and their particles. But the problem is how to produce gamma rays and turn them into coherent radiation. 

The ability to see an object makes it possible to manipulate it. That thing is extremely important in nanotechnology. The nanomachines and nano-tools are systems that are based on atomic-size components. The system means precisely selected and positioned atomic structures in molecules. 

The system requires highly advanced manipulation systems. And highly advanced learning neural networks. That can collect and process data from multiple sources. Those things are important for building long-chain molecules and complex molecular structures. Those systems can make it possible to create a revolution in medicine, material research, and manufacturing. The nanomachines are tools that can make many things possible. 

"Data from past proton-electron collisions provide strong evidence of entanglement among the proton’s sea of quarks (spheres) and gluons (squiggles), which may play an important role in their strong-force interactions. Credit: Valerie Lentz/Brookhaven National Laboratory" (ScitechDaily, “Spooky Action” at Ultra-Short Distances: Unlocking the Quantum Core of Matter)

Quantum materials are even more impressive than nanotechnology. 

Nanotechnology can create materials that can fix themselves. Or they can create. Things like 2D neutron graphene. The neutron-graphene is a theoretical material that is like graphene but it's formed of neutrons. That material forms the neutron stars. 

The 2D neutron graphene has one problem. The free neutron decay time is about 15 minutes. But it's possible to trap this neutron network between two layers that could be graphene. Then the system must press energy to those neutrons to deny their decay. But that thing is purely hypothetical material. The idea is that all materials and their parts can be put in 2D form if they are polar. 

 In the most futuristic visions. The quarks can form similar networks. As neutrons form in neutron stars. The ability to see single quarks makes that kind of material possible. However, theory is not a practical solution.  Locking those particles is very difficult. 

But if the system can lock particles like neutrons or quarks into the nanonet and inject energy into them. That makes it possible to create the maser system that sends radiation with the same wavelength as the size of the particles. So those systems can make it possible to create neutron-radiation masers. Or the masers that wavelength is the same as the quark's dimension. 

The superconductivity between quarks could be a useful thing. In nano-size systems. The quark superconductivity can form because quarks are in the same quantum field. If electricity travels in the quantum field that hovers above particles. There is no Hall effect or Hall field. The Hall effect or resistance forms in the standing waves between particles. 

When electricity tries to travel through those waves it must pack so much power that it can travel through those waves. Those waves pull part of that electricity into it. And if that standing potential field does not exist there is no resistance. The quantum field that continues over particles in a straight form makes that structure superconducting. 

But theoretically. the protons can also make similar networks. The problem is that. They require some kind of glue between them to keep protons in their form. 

Theoretically is possible to create things called 2D atoms. In those quantum materials, the protons and neutrons form the ring. Like carbon atoms are in graphene. The protons and neutrons are in turn at that ring. That kind of structure can be very strong. 

https://scitechdaily.com/breakthrough-in-nanotechnology-unlocks-atomic-precision-for-medicine-and-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/cracking-the-proton-code-unveiling-the-secrets-of-the-universes-building-blocks/

https://scitechdaily.com/neutron-stars-illuminate-the-hidden-physics-of-quark-superconductivity/

https://scitechdaily.com/spooky-action-at-ultra-short-distances-unlocking-the-quantum-core-of-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

Can kamikaze drones endanger the entire state?

Kamikaze drones or loitering ammunition are tools that are proven effective against Russia. But can those loitering ammunition endanger the Western military? If security personnel are not prepared. Those things can destroy soft targets like jet fighters. The kamikaze drones are excellent tools for surprise attacks. The attacker can bring them near targets in plastic bags. 

Or those drones can look like briefcases or canning jars. And if those drones can travel to a target without nobody disturbing them, they can cause bad damage at least stealth fighters and electric supply. If we think about things like cases where small-size drones are used to attack those drones can threaten a person's safety. They are almost perfect assassination tools. And that makes those systems very dangerous. 

Above: Implet, or contact mine, used in "Frankton" operation

When we think about things like ships and especially submarines the underwater quadcopters can cause new threats to marine systems. The quadcopter can carry similar contact mines to those used by British commandoes in the "Frankton" operation in Bordeaux harbor in, 1942. 

Those commandoes used contact mines and today things like stealth fighters or agents can deliver those destructive systems to the harbour. And then. They can search for targets like submarines and ships and connect to them using suction cups or other low-pressure systems. 

The system can work with a low-pressure chamber. When ventilation opens the system touches the hull of the ship. 

The pressure system's mission is to make ammunition contact and stay on antimagnetic hulls.  The system can use the cavity charge or regular explosive. The system can use image-ID and acoustic target recognition. It can prowl targets at the bottom of the harbors. 

Those devices can damage submarines or surface ships very badly. So if we think that drones can give a solution to the war, we must realize that there are many counteractions against them. But the problem is if those counter actions do not exist or they are not used drones are effective. Small-size drones can dropped to operational areas or near targets from aircraft. They can search things like bunker's entrances or missile silos. And. Those systems can also be used to eavesdrop and image intelligence.

https://discover.hubpages.com/education/Operation-Frankton-The-Cockleshell-Heroes

https://interestingengineering.com/videos/are-kamikaze-drones-a-threat-to-the-america

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Frankton

Solar wind research. And the use of diamonds to cool the atmosphere.

 

"In this animation, the CODEX instrument can be seen mounted on the exterior of the International Space Station. Credit: CODEX Team/NASA" (ScitechDaily, NASA’s CODEX Ready To Unlock Solar Wind Mysteries From the ISS)

NASA will send a CODEX instrument to the ISS to observe solar wind. 

"NASA’s Coronal Diagnostic Experiment (CODEX) is set to launch to the International Space Station to explore new details about the solar wind, including its origins and evolution."  (ScitechDaily, NASA’s CODEX Ready To Unlock Solar Wind Mysteries From the ISS)

The solar wind is well-known as an entirety. The solar wind is the particle flow that the source is in the sun. The mystery thing is how deep the solar wind forms. And the second question is how much the sun's magnetic field will accelerate those particles. And what role things like photons and impacting opposite and same polar particles play in that flow. 

So how much photons accelerate those ions and electrons? That information can help to build next-generation ion engines that have magnetic acceleration but things like laser beams can give extra punch to ions. 

Also, things like solar sails require information on the solar wind. That information can use to protect those system's electric components. And one thing is that the particles that form solar wind have very high energy levels. That makes it possible to use those things as energy sources. An interesting thing is how many of those particles can turn into antimatter when they fall into the atmosphere. The antimatter engines can create antimatter straight from the solar wind. 

Another interesting thing is the role of the solar wind in weather. The solar wind includes many interesting things. It drives small dust particles into Earth's atmosphere. And if it impacts satellites it can cause malfunction. This is one of the reasons why the solar wind is under research. 

"Globally averaged quantities resulting from 5 Mt/yr injections of the corresponding material (a) and (c) and quantities normalized by globally averaged net all sky top of the atmosphere (ToA) radiative forcing (RF) (b) and (d). Credit: Geophysical Research Letters (2024). DOI: 10.1029/2024GL110575" (Phys,org, Could injecting diamond dust into the atmosphere help cool the planet?)

The use of diamonds is one of the most expensive solutions for atmosphere cooling. Or is it? And other versions of that idea. 

Researchers think that injected diamond dust can decrease the temperature of the planet. The injected very cold nanodiamonds can act as the cooler beam, that can absorb heat from the air. Diamonds can form Bose-Einstein condensate that can absorb very much thermal energy. 

If researchers can send any material to space at the shadow side of Earth they can cool the atmosphere. Even if the air tank is sent to the orbiter and then somebody opens that tank can decrease the temperature on the ground. But there is a need for a large mass of that cooled gas. So that means that this is one of the most expensive ways to cool Earth's atmosphere. 

The use of diamond rain to cool the atmosphere is one of the most expensive ideas in the world. The idea is that the system will transport diamonds outside the atmosphere. Then it drops from the sky to the ground. And that means diamonds would bind thermal energy into themselves. That thing is very expensive. But what if somebody collects those diamonds or other particles back? 

The idea is that the system drops so-called nanodiamonds or "diamond sand" into the artificial lake. There can be the mylar tarpaulin on the bottom of the lake, and that thing can help to recycle those diamonds. The system must not use diamonds for that thing. The sand or water is the thing that can make this thing real as well as diamonds. 

The system can use so-called stratospheric satellites to transport particles to the high stratosphere. Then the system can wait until it releases its thermal energy to the high atmosphere. And then they can drop them to the ground. There are many versions of this thing. In some versions, the stratospheric satellite comes to the ground, pulls water into a tank, and then rises to the edge of the space. The system keeps water in motion, and then it will not turn into large ice bites. Then the system drops that artificial snow to the ground. 

There are suggested things like ultra-cold ions that the satellite shoots to the higher atmosphere to decrease the temperature on the ground. In some suggestions, people will create stratospheric towers that conduct air through the heat exchanger. Then that cooled air will drop to the ground.

Things like centrifugal launch systems that allow low-cost applications to shoot satellites to orbiters can make that kind of system possible. The system just shoots miniature satellites through the suborbital trajectory. Those satellites carry the particles like diamonds, snow, or sand that should cool on that trip. When they return to the atmosphere they release those particles to air.

https://phys.org/news/2024-10-diamond-atmosphere-cool-planet.html

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-codex-ready-to-unlock-solar-wind-mysteries-from-the-iss/

Bacteriophages can take the form of sunflowers.

"McMaster University researchers found that bacteriophages treated under specific conditions form flower-like structures that are highly efficient in targeting bacteria, opening new possibilities for the treatment and detection of diseases." (ScitechDaily, Nature-Inspired Viruses Form Living “Sunflowers” To Combat Disease)

Complicated DNA-controlled structures can revolutionize medicine development. But it can make also many more things. 

Bacteriophages can make forms that look like sunflowers. Their ability to combine their bodies makes phages more effective against targeted bacteria. Sunflower-form virus structures can be a tool for researchers to use against infections. However, those virus structures are also interesting tools for people who create nanomachines and nanostructures. 

As you see, viruses can make complicated structures. And that makes it possible to use them to create structures for nanomechanics. The DNA-controlled crystal formation is the tool that developers can use to create the nanomachines. The nanomaterial means material that looks the same as normal material. But there are nanometer-sized internal structures. That gives those materials new abilities. If we think about things like nanotechnical wires. 

The ability to create complicated structures. Can make it possible to create medicines and structures that can make many things possible from medicine to nanomachines and DNA-based data storage. 

The nanotechnical wire can have structures that look like plates. There can be a pike on the other side of the plate. And hole at another side. That thing makes it possible to increase the length of the wire. Or if something cuts the wire. It's possible to create a structure that can fix itself. The only need is to put those gripping surfaces together. The nanowires can form structures like nano-canvas that can fix their damages without needing help. 

Nanotechnology is an impressive tool. The viruses that can take any form are the things that can make many things for nanotechnology. When the virus is made the structure the UV-radiation can destroy the DNA. And that helps to create a complicated crystal structure that is suitable for nanotechnology. 

The data can be stored in genetically engineered cells to create the wanted forms. (ScitechDaily, Nature-Inspired Viruses Form Living “Sunflowers” To Combat Disease)

"Colorized groups of phages compared to flowers. Credit: McMaster University"

The form of the cell can mean zero or one. The third form can mean. That the system must wait for the new cell. 

In DNA-based data storage, the system can use the forms that genetically engineered cells can take to transmit data to an AI-based operating system. 

If we think of the possibility of creating DNA-based data storage. There is one simple way to create that thing without the need to read the DNA. DNA-controlled viruses or cells can take a series of certain forms. There is a need for two or three forms if the DNA-based data storage uses binary data storage. 

Those forms like "star" can mean one, and "square" can mean zero. And ring might mean that the DNA ends and the system must wait for the next cell or virus group. There can be two groups of cells. The other is dark and another has a genome for bioluminance. The system shares the data in two cell lines and it can use the luminance to see that the system has changed the cell. 

The other forms have let's say pink and red colors. And the other is green and yellow. In those systems, the data is stored in two lines. The system feeds the reading system. By using those lines one after one. A change of color or shine tells that the cell or virus group is changed. And that makes the reader collect data together. 

Or red sunflower can mean one and yellow sunflower can mean zero. The green sunflower can mean the end of the DNA. The system requires a microscope with a machine view to observe those structures. The operating system follows those images. That the cells or viruses can make. And then it can use the DNA as data storage in an easy way. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nature-inspired-viruses-form-living-sunflowers-to-combat-disease/

The polaritons are the tools for nano-size photonics.

"Schematic illustration of the electrical spectroscopy on the polaritonic-based graphene photodetector. Credit: ICFO/ David Alcaraz Iranzo" (ScitechDaily, Tiny Polaritons Unleash a New Era in Nanophotonics)

"Photonics is a branch of optics that involves the application of generation, detection, and manipulation of light in the form of photons through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing. Photonics is closely related to quantum electronics, where quantum electronics deals with the theoretical part of it while photonics deal with its engineering applications. " (Wikipedia, Photonics) 

Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light. The term photonics developed as an outgrowth of the first practical semiconductor light emitters invented in the early 1960s and optical fibers developed in the 1970s." (Wikipedia, Photonics) 

The first solution that used photonics was an optical data cable. Those cables are still one of the most secure data transmission systems. It's possible that the system can use outside optical fibers to send so-called empty signals. If somebody changes the form fiber or cuts it the system detects it. Then it can report that anomaly in wavelength to the system supervisors. 

In that system, data travels in an inner optical fiber. That makes outsiders hard to see the data flow.  If somebody wants to eavesdrop on that data. The spy must damage or turn the outside optical fibers. 

And the system notices that. Similar systems can detect things like earthquakes. The movements on the ground stretch and change the route of the light. And that allows observers to see if something or somebody moves the optical cable.

Modern photonics is the tool that makes much more than just transport data.  The high-power computers make it possible to manipulate nano-optical layers. Those layers can transfer photons into wanted directions. The ability to remove reflection from layers is the ultimate tool for stealth technology. And the same thing can make quantum computers more effective. Without reflection, there are not-so-strong artifact effects that disturb the quantum entanglement. 

The ability to create quasiparticles is a great advance in photonics. The quasiparticles can create energy potholes or energy dumps that allow energy and photons to travel in them. The energy potholes in material pull it in together. The quasiparticle can aim photons in the desired direction. And that can make it possible to create the switches and routers for the photonic microchips. 

"In physics, polaritons are bosonic quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves (photon) with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation (state) of solid or liquid matter (such as a phonon, plasmon, or an exciton).[example needed] Polaritons describe the crossing of the dispersion of light with any interacting resonance." (Wikipedia, polariton) 

https://scitechdaily.com/tiny-polaritons-unleash-a-new-era-in-nanophotonics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton

Demons and machines.

    Demons and machines. 

Computer hardware and quantum demons are the tools that make the next generation of hardware possible. 

Complicated code requires powerful systems. And the AI is useless without powerful computers. 

Jevon's paradox: the AI can use as much electricity as the entire state. The nanotechnical processors use 100X less energy than the regular microchips.  The problem with AI is that the system requires complicated code, where is used multiple programming languages and multiple layers. Complicated code requires a complicated and high-power microchip structure. That structure with billions of microchips requires powerful coolers. And all of those systems require lots of power. 

There is the possibility that also AI-based complicated malware can drive electricity out from the electric net on purpose. The AI just transfers electricity to the ground to keep the electric network low voltage. And that is one threat that the weaponized AI can cause itself. 

The superconducting nanotechnology requires new tools to handle components. 

The nanotechnical microchips can control small-size robots. And they can form larger entireties. Nano-size microchips can operate as the platform that drives the AI. The nano-size processors can operate in their entirety, or they can operate separately. The main problem with the nano-size microprocessors is temperature. Superconductivity is the thing that could solve the problem, but the problem with superconducting microchips is that the electricity can jump over those switches and gates. 

The AI-based operating system makes it possible to separate microprocessors from their entirety to operate with individual problems. Or the operating system can put those microchips operate as a virtual quantum computer with one solution. The problem with those nano-size microprocessors is that they require a new type of superconductivity and the ability to control that phenomenon. Things like Pine's demon can used to erase magnetism from the mass memories of those microchips. 

Pine's demon and superconductivity. 

Pine's demon is the electron wave that travels in the material. That thing means electron behavior that neutralizes the electron's electricity. In quantum mechanics, the demon is the thing that is invisible to the light. The Pine's demon is the wave that acts like a particle. And it makes objects non-electric. 

One possible solution that could use Pine's demon is nanotechnical solutions. Those solutions can use that phenomenon to remove electricity from extremely small components, but controlling that phenomenon is extremely difficult. This phenomenon is possible only in odd superconductors and very low temperatures. 

Pine's demon and stealth technology. 

Theoretically, Pine's demon is useful in the quantum stealth system. The radar's principle is that it loads extra energy to the target. Then the target removes that extra energy as a radio impulse.  The radar sends a radio signal to the target. Then, that electric load jumps back to the radar. 

Or if we are sharp, we must say that the first radar keeps breaking in its transmission. And in that moment the structure removes its extra energy as the radar echoes. Energy always travels to lower energy space. And if the energy level of the aircraft is lower than the environment. That thing means that it will not send an echo with that frequency until its energy level is higher than its environment. 

In that kind of system, the demon pulls the electric load into itself. And that thing makes it possible to deny the radar echo. But as I just wrote Pine's demon is hard to control and visible only in odd superconductors. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/invisible-electron-demon-discovered-in-odd-superconductor-20231009/

https://scitechdaily.com/jevons-paradox-ai-could-use-as-much-electricity-as-entire-countries/

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-game-changer-nanoelectronic-devices-uses-100x-less-energy/

Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating. But it's possible to connect energy production units to those reactors.

   Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating. But it's possible to connect energy production units to those reactors. 

Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating. That reactor is called LDR-50. And its mission is being stripped from turbines and other things. The cooling of the reactor base is in the water's natural water cycle. At this moment, I must say that the turbines can also installed in the water cycle. Or the district heat water cycle. When we talk about energy, we must realize that the difference in temperatures and vapor pressure are things. That makes energy.

If there is a thing like a closed cycle turbine that uses liquid helium or liquid nitrogen to rotate the turbine wheel, that system can also produce electricity. The difference in temperatures is an interesting thing. If we lived on  Pluto our bodies would give us enough energy. It vaporizes liquid helium to pressure, which can rotate turbogenerators. Those SMR-reactors can have many possibilities. Advanced turbines can installed anyway in the reactor's water cycle. 

The nuclear waste also can give temperature for turbogenerators. That uses liquid helium or nitrogen. And nuclear waste's temperature will vaporize those liquid gases. 

In some visions, the nuclear waste disposal site can also be used as a power plant. The system benefits liquid helium or nitrogen that rotates in a closed cycle. The nuclear waste's heat will vaporize that liquid gas that rotates the turbogenerator. The systems that use nuclear waste as a power source are not very common. 

"Illustration of a nuclear district heating plant comprised of two LDR-50 reactor units constructed on an industrial site © VTT" (https://www.etson.eu/node/181)

"TRISO particles can withstand extreme temperatures well beyond the threshold of current nuclear fuels". (TRISO Particles: The Most Robust Nuclear Fuel on Earth)

The nuclear fuel called TRISO (Tristuctural-isotropic fuel)

The TRISO means the balls where there are three layers. Those layers are ceramic, graphite, and nuclear fuel isotopes. The graphite layers can include two layers. Regular graphite and the outer layer would be carbonite crystals. Or the structure can be in the artificial diamond. 

The most out layer would be a strong ceramic structure. If there are some problems. The reactor simply removes part of the TRISO balls. That should stop the nuclear reaction because the lack of half of the fuel turns the reactor into a subcritical condition. And when the problem is handled, the system returns those TRISO balls to the reactor. 

The Subcritical nuclear reactors require a laser or some other electromagnetic heater. So they are a little bit like thorium reactors. The laser or microwave beams keep the nuclear reaction on. If those electromagnetic systems will shut down that thing stops the entire reaction. 

https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/triso-particles-most-robust-nuclear-fuel-earth

https://www.etson.eu/node/181

https://www.ldr-reactor.fi/en/1099-2/

https://www.vttresearch.com/en/news-and-ideas/finnish-smr-innovation-awarded-european-commission-nuclear-innovation-prize-contest.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel

Many companies are working to develop portable nuclear reactors (PoNu) to replace diesel generators.

Many companies are working to develop portable nuclear reactors (PoNu) to replace diesel generators. 

Work with compact and powerful nuclear reactors continues. The reactor's purpose is to replace diesel generators fit in trucks. That means they can be used in multiple systems, from fixed power plants to ultimate power sources for ships, trains, and aircraft. And even trucks and tanks. The reason why those small-size nuclear reactors are under development is that. 

These kinds of systems decrease carbon emissions. Another reason why those systems are under development is that modern weapon systems like direct energy weapons, which means microwaves and lasers require electric power. Also, coherent high-power radio waves that are used to deliver electricity to drones remotely through air require a trusted and powerful power source. The portable nuclear reactors can changed same way as batteries. 

And if some ship or aircraft uses portable nuclear reactors. Operators can just put it in its place and connect with electronics and electric systems using fast connection. The operators must just connect electric wires to the reactor. And then that system delivers electricity to the vehicle. That kind of system can be on the deck and deliver electricity to the ships and aircraft. The liquid helium can keep those system's temperatures lower. 

Highly radioactive, superheavy isotopes as fuel make it possible to create man-portable nuclear reactors. 

If the system can use an extremely small nuclear reactor as a power source. It can make it possible to create even nuclear-powered helicopters that can fly for years. The crew is the limit in the flight time of that nuclear-powered helicopter. In automatic mode, the helicopter like a nuclear-powered aircraft can fly even for years.  

In the 1950s and 1960s, U.S. Army and Air Force tested nuclear-powered tanks and aircraft. The nuclear-powered Convair NB-36H and Chrysler TV-8 tanks were interesting projects. Also, the Soviets tested nuclear-powered aircraft like the nuclear-powered Tu-95 Bear-class nuclear bomber during the Cold War. And today Russians are working with nuclear-powered "Skyfall" missiles. The plasma-electric jet engines also make it possible to create super, and hypersonic nuclear-powered aircraft. 

A portable nuclear reactor. In the artist's vision. Those modular systems can connect to series. And that means portable reactors that work as the entirety can deliver electricity to a large area. 

NB-36H

TV-8

TU95 LAL (Nuclear-powered Tu-95) 

Ford Nucleon

Hypothetical "Aurora"

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Could the mysterious "Aurora" be a nuclear-powered aircraft? That can use antimatter "afterburner"? 

So could the legendary "Aurora"-system the small-size nuclear reactor that uses the arc-jet engine. The arc-jet engine is an engine system that uses electric arcs to expand propellant. 

That small nuclear reactor can make antimatter "afterburner" possible. The idea is that the small reactor pushes particles against a thin gold layer. And that thing can turn those particles into antimatter. That can give an extremely powerful punch to aircraft. 

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Ford also created the Ford Nucleon the family car with a nuclear reactor. And maybe the new nuclear technology makes those things a reality. If developers want to aim tanks with high-power laser, and microwave mixture weapons they need a power source. And a nuclear reactor will be a good solution. 

The man-portable nuclear reactor can act as a weapon. If the radiation protection is removed from a certain part of the system. That system sends highly radioactive radiation and ionized particles in the desired direction. 

The new TRISO fuel makes that system safe. The highly radioactive elements make those reactors small. 

The new type of nuclear fuel is called TRISO, where nuclear material is closed in graphite and silicon carbide. That thing makes those reactors safer than traditional reactors. The fuel in TRISO balls or capsules can be uranium, but it can also use higher radioactive synthetic elements like plutonium, neptunium, or even einsteinium. 

The super-heavy elements require a system that is near zero-kelvin degrees temperature. And the liquid helium is the answer to that problem. The system adjusts the fission speed by adjusting the temperature. If the reactor uses weapon enrichment in plutonium or some even heavier and more radioactive elements. That means the reactor's size would be so small, that one man can carry it. 

https://energypost.eu/micro-nuclear-reactors-up-to-20mw-portable-safer/

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-electric-jet-engine-actually-works-inside-the-atmosphere

https://radiantnuclear.com/

https://www.reuters.com/world/us/westinghouse-unveils-small-modular-nuclear-reactor-2023-05-04/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(aircraft)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9M730_Burevestnik

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_TV-8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_NB-36H

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Nucleon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_modular_reactor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL

The new types of engines use cold atoms to make electricity.

 The new types of engines use cold atoms to make electricity. 

The new piston engine creates energy from ultra-cold atoms. The idea is that those ultra-cold atoms will be injected into the chamber. There the explosion of the ultra-cold atoms moves the piston. 

The new type of engine creates energy from ultra-cold atoms. The engine benefits energy flow between objects in different energy levels. The energy always flows from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. 

The first Stirling engines used hot air. The design of that engine is from the 19th century. Then the steam and combustion engines replaced that system. The Stirling engines can use solar power for making needed thermodifference. And that thing makes them promising tools for green engineering. 

But basically, engineers can make the same eff by using a room temperature system. And on the other side will be a box, filled with a block of extremely ice. In that engine the air flow is important. And the thing that makes this airflow is the difference in temperatures on both sides of the engine. 

The most interesting version of the Stirling engine is the Stirling turbine, where pistons are replaced by turbine. As I just wrote those systems benefit airflow between two different temperature levels. The system is the pressure-version of the systems that benefit electron or radio wave flow between energy layers. 

The engines that benefit from this energy flow are called Striling or Coulomb engines. 

Does the engine be a Stirling or Coulomb engine, depends on this: Do those engines use gas flow or electromagnetic flow where things like electrons travel between two layers with different energy levels or different electronegativity? In some versions of the Coulomb engine, the proton cloud or some other positive ion group is on the other side of the tube. 

The Coulomb engine uses electromagnetic flow or electron (or proton) flow for making energy. There are two versions of the Coulomb engine. The first version uses electron flow etc. The second version uses the Coulomb effect or "dam effect". 

Diagram the Piston-Stiling engine. (Wikipedia/Stirling engine). In Stirling turbine the gas flow travels in tube. And then that gas flow rotates the flywheel. 

"Alpha-type Stirling engine. There are two cylinders. The expansion cylinder (red) is maintained at a high temperature while the compression cylinder (blue) is cooled. The passage between the two cylinders contains the regenerator" (Wikipedia,Stirling engine)

"Beta-type Stirling engine, with only one cylinder, hot at one end and cold at the other. A loose-fitting displacer shunts the air between the hot and cold ends of the cylinder. A power piston at the open end of the cylinder drives the flywheel. (Wikipedia/Stirling engine)

"Cutaway of the flat Stirling engine: 10: Hot cylinder. 11: A volume of hot cylinder. 12: B volume of hot cylinder. 17: Warm piston diaphragm. 18: Heating medium. 19: Piston rod. 20: Cold cylinder. 21: A Volume of cold cylinder. 22: B Volume of cold cylinder. 27: Cold piston diaphragm. 28: Coolant medium. 30: Working cylinder. 31: A volume of working cylinder. 32: B volume of working cylinder. 37: Working piston diaphragm. 41: Regenerator mass of A volume. 42: Regenerator mass of B volume. 48: Heat accumulator. 50: Thermal insulation. 60: Generator. 63: Magnetic circuit. 64: Electrical winding. 70: Channel connecting warm and working cylinders." (Wikipedia/Stirling engine)

When electric flow faces a resistor it will pack energy at the front of it. That energy packing and energy level continues rising until the energy can travel through that resistor. That thing is possible by using natural radio fields. But that requires a situation where the energy level rises high enough. Or the system uses components that are using very low energy. The superconducting systems can make this system possible. 

The idea is that radio waves are transmitted between two layers. Those layers will collect that wave movement between them. Then the system puts the antenna in those standing waves and pulls them to an electric circuit. 

The Stirling engine uses gas flow to make energy. Modern submarines use Stirling engines. But the reason why that engine type is not so popular or why piston engines replaced that engine is keeping the other side of the engine cooler is difficult without good coolers. 

The thing that moves in the tube determines if the engine is the Stirling or Coulomb engine. 

And then the other side is loaded with anions. The electrons should travel from anions to ions and the antenna in the middle of the tube can use that electron flow as an energy source. A Stirling engine is a system or tube where another side's temperature is at a lower level than the other. 

And that thing causes gas flow to the cooler side. The difference between energy levels between the sides of the Coulomb and Stirling engines determines how fast energy flows. And that determines the power of those systems.  

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2394278-quantum-engine-could-power-devices-with-an-ultracold-atom-cloud/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-independent_propulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine

Does the AI take jobs from programmers?

    Does the AI take jobs from programmers? 

Before we start to discuss topics: Will the AI take jobs from programmers? We must realize that the AI will not do any work for humans. Even if AI is an excellent tool for programming the human operators must check the code. 

Things like Chat GPT and Bing could be excellent programming tools but their limits are this. They need a very complicated and precise description of what the user wants. And that is quite hard to make without knowledge of programming. Without precise and clear orders the AI cannot create the code from public databases. 

So again: Does the AI take jobs from programmers? 

The answer is yes and no. If the AI makes the computer programs, it requires very accurate orders. And people who give orders for the AI must understand something about programming. When we think about public AIs like Bing and Chat GPT they can make effective complicated code structures. 

Those code structures are easy to modify from the trunk where the databases are not yet named. And paths are missing. If the user of those AIs knows about programming that makes that person's work easier. 

However, the user of those AIs must make some changes to the code, so that the system can turn it into computer programs. Things like database paths are things, that must be correct and if those things are not right that application will work. 

The AI is the next-generation tool for programming, and the AI-based software takes programming into the next generation. Next-generation programming is more like writing an essay or using spoken languages than the symbol function that modern programming languages use. Programming is the thing that requires development. 

The basic requirement for programming AI is the interactive mode. The interactive mode discusses with programmers. It makes the process easier than modern AI where the user must give all parameters and instructions before the AI starts to make its duty. Before interactive AI starts operation, it asks for the product description. But then it keeps in contact with customers during the entire process. The interactive mode is the tool that makes AI even more effective than it is today. 

The next-generation AI can accept symbols (like ">>" in C++), but it can also accept descriptions. If the user says that the needed database names are "A.SQL" and "B.SQL" the AI-based system must have access to a computer. The AI-based system needs authorization so that the AI can find the right route to the index where those files are. 

So can AI create successful computer programs? The fact is that. If we want to make AI-based programming tools, we must realize that there are multiple variables that we must remember. 

AI-based programming requires an interactive ability with a special user interface where the necessary variables are listed, and where the user can describe the program's purpose. The common AI can make computer programs, but that requires so complicated description that it's hard to make. 

The interactive AI will make the program with the programmer. The system asks the purpose of the program. When AI finishes some part of the process, interactive AI asks if the program is nice. And does it pleasure the user?

 Constructing the software is a thing that requires more limited but same time more advanced AI than modern AIs are. The interactive function is the tool that makes AI an effective tool for making software. But without that ability making the program using AI is very hard. 

https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-coding-software-crisis/

MIT introduces pathfinder technology in underwater communication.

 MIT introduces pathfinder technology in underwater communication. 

Acoustic communication that uses coherent sound waves is not a new thing. Submarines have used that technology for years. The idea is that, if the system communicates with coherent acoustic beams, outside observers cannot hear that sound. Also, coherent, mono-frequent systems can communicate through longer distances, if researchers can find the frequency where there are no other disturbing sound effects. Those silent frequencies exist in acoustics as well they exist in electromagnetism. 

There are many versions of acoustic communication systems. Some of them use chemical batteries, and some others use systems that deliver electricity when they react with sodium that is in seawater. In some versions, the system uses a vertical tube. When water travels through that tube it rotates dynamo. The  MIT system uses piezo-electric crystals that deliver energy when pressure impulses hit them. 

"MIT’s breakthrough underwater communication system uses minimal power to transmit signals over kilometer-scale distances. Leveraging underwater backscatter and innovative design principles, the technology has potential applications in aquaculture, climate modeling, and hurricane prediction". (ScitechDaily.com/Submerged Signals: MIT Unveils Pioneering Development in Underwater Communication Technology)

"The device is an array of piezoelectric transducers that enables battery-free underwater communication. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers." (ScitechDaily.com/Submerged Signals: MIT Unveils Pioneering Development in Underwater Communication Technology)

That ability makes it possible to make a system where the receiver transforms acoustic signals into electricity very effectively. Also, regular receivers transform acoustic signals into electricity. But those piezo-electric crystals can send electricity to miniaturized microchips. 

The MIT researchers created a system that uses very low power. The idea is to benefit piezo-electric crystals for power sources in low-power-long-distance communication. The low-power acoustic communication can used in underwater sensors. The piezo-electric crystals can be used in the receiver and transmitter's power source. When an acoustic signal hits those piezo-electric crystals they deliver electric impulses. 

The low-power communication system can be a solid tube, or it can look like a tube, made of chicken coop. The leader transmitter can be in the middle of the bottom of that system. And the side transmitters that send soundwaves to that standing wave can be at the sides of the structure. The piezo-crystals can also give electricity to miniature sensor systems that are integrated with loudspeakers. That system can look like carbage, and it can collect information from hostile naval bases. 

https://scitechdaily.com/submerged-signals-mit-unveils-pioneering-development-in-underwater-communication-technology/

DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems.

 DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems. 

DNA and biochemistry with molecular biology are emerging and promising tools for high-power computing. The DNA-based computers can use the biochemical core along with DNA. And then, that system can communicate with regular microelectronics. The system can run over 100 billion programs, and that makes the system an interesting multi-tasker.

The DNA molecules can act as the programs for next-generation AI-based microchip-kernel applications. Chemical DNA computing uses nanotechnical systems to make the DNA that acts as the perforated tape in that system. In those models, the DNA transfers information between processors. In that model, DNA replaces electric wires in components as data transporter. But it requires fast-operating nanotechnology. 

The most futuristic visions of DNA-based computers are computers that use fast-operating nanotechnology. In that model, the system creates the synthetic DNA molecules by using nanotechnology. And those DNA molecules act like perforated tape of the old-fashioned computers. However, the system can use the DNA as a tool that can run complex AI-based software. And maybe the AI-based kernel architecture uses the DNA molecules as programs. 

There are three types of electric DNA computers. Or, the number of DNA-based computers depends on how we determine the use of the DNA in those systems. 

1) The computers that use DNA molecules as the microprocessors. Those DNA bites can act as part of regular-looking microchips. 

1a) The DNA can act as an information handler itself. 

1b) The DNA can act as a program for the ROM circuits. 

2) The computers that use DNA as the components like springs that control switches. 

3) Living cells that are used to process information. 

3a) Dummy systems, or systems that use dummy cells. Those systems can be bacteria which fibers can act as connectors. Those bacteria can be microchip controlled. 

3b) The systems that use intelligent cells like living neurons as data handlers.

In DNA-based computing, DNA is the tool that replaced regular microchips. If each base pair is one state of the DNA-based microprocessor. Data travels from the first vertical strand through horizontal base pairs to another main strand. That thing gives the DNA the ability to run billions of programs at the same time. The system can work like this. The microchip or some optical system transports data from regular microchips to DNA. 

The system can use miniature lasers that shoot photons to silicon bites. Those silicone bites are at the point of every base pair. Their mission is to transfer photons into electric impulses. Then data travels through those base pairs into the DNA's other side. DNA-based computing is a new and promising tool. The DNA computer's multi-tasking ability can used in quantum computing. That means every base pair acts as one qubit's state. This thing makes those systems even more powerful than nobody expected. 

https://www.britannica.com/technology/DNA-computing

https://futurism.com/worlds-first-reprogrammable-dna-computer

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/dna-based-computer-can-run-100-billion-different-programs/ar-AA1gF86Y

https://www.wired.com/story/finally-a-dna-computer-that-can-actually-be-reprogrammed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing

Radio transmission is the weak point of modern military drones.

 Radio transmission is the weak point of modern military drones. 

The new British military jet-propelled "Hydra 400"quadcopter is an interesting design. 

The new jet-propelled drone is an interesting design. The jet-propelled quadcopter can fly fast. And it can raise more cargo from the ground than electric engine drones. There is a possibility that these kinds of quadcopters can used as "quad autogyros". 

In those designs, the quadcopters use their quad rotors for lift-off and landing. During a long-distance flight. The drone can use free-rotation propellers and a jet engine. And that thing makes those drones fast. 

Those drones can used as kamikaze drones. Or they can launch missiles like Javelins if they are connected to them. The kamikaze quadcopters are interesting tools because they can observe the area. And if there are no targets those drones can return to base. 

But if there are some kind of targets the drone can make it's surveillance mission and then attack targets when their flight time ends. The drones can use an image-recognition homing system that allows them to take out targets with very high accuracy. 

Above Hydra-drone. 

The military is interested in independently operating drones is that those drones don't require full-time communication between the drone and HQ. The Ukraine war shows how dangerous full-time radio communication is. If the electronic intelligence finds the transmitter, the enemy can turn every cannon against those command centers. So the kamikaze-recon drone can transmit data to the command center and then dive against the target. And that helps to hide the place of the command system. 

The full-time operating radio transmissions are dangerous for drone swarms. The drone swarm where hundreds of members is a suitable target for large anti-aircraft missiles or AA grenades. Similar ELINT systems that are used for track radio transmitters also aim AA cannons at those drone swarms. High-power radio waves can jam the data communication in that drone swarm. 

Those missiles could equipped with a similar homing system as HARM (High-speed Anti Radiation missiles). The HARM-type missiles are also deadly against any radio transmitters. 

Normally HARM is shot from the aircraft. Portable shoulder-launched Stinger missiles also have a so-called "Anti-radiation variant" called Stinger ARM (Anti-Radiation Missiles) that can detect and destroy enemy radiation sources. That makes radio telephones missile magnets if the enemy can track their positions by using radio detectors. 

But there is the possibility that those missiles can be mounted on rocket launchers or warships. Warships can also use those missiles against enemy surface combat unit's radars. And that means the artillery rockets and grenades can have a warhead that can detect radio transmitters. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/british-army-jet-propelled-drones

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autogyro

Beyond Moore's law: how to make more powerful computers.

 Beyond Moore's law: how to make more powerful computers. 

The main problem is how to keep the temperature in the computer system low. 

Moore's law means that the number of transistors in microprocessors grows exponentially in time units. Or otherwise saying the number of transistors will double every year. Moore's law is not reality anymore. The reason for that is when the size of microprocessors and transistors is getting smaller, quantum phenomena like electromagnetic whirls cause problems. The resistance raises temperature which causes oscillation in wires. And that oscillation is the thing that disturbs high-power data transmission. 

The reason why the researchers wanted to keep the size of microchips small is that long wires cause temperature problems and the electromagnetic turbulence and outside electromagnetic effects are causing more problems for microchips than short wires. And that's why a small microchip is less vulnerable to outcoming radio interference than large-scale microchips. 

Above: A supercomputer center

Above fullerene nanotube. But that image could portray EMP-protected wire that is in a Faraday cage. 

How to remove the electromagnetic oscillation and outside EMP effect from computers? 

The EMP protection allows to use of larger-size microchips and high-power coolers can stabilize the wires. Reseachers must cover every single by using a Faraday cage, and the system must keep their temperatures low. 

But one version to remove the outcoming effects is to use the EMP-protection in the wires. The image that portrays a fullerene nanotube can portray EMP-protected wires. Those wires would be closed in a Faraday cage that removes the electromagnetic effect from those wires. 

1) The microchip's size can turn bigger. Making bigger microchips with high-power cooling systems makes it possible to create microchips that have more transistors and diodes than existing microchips. 

The advanced cooling systems can keep the temperature low. However, those microchips can be suitable only for supercomputer centers. Those large-size microchips require EMP protection and advanced cooling systems. And that's why they are not suitable for home computers. 

2) The system can use photonic computing. In photonic computers, the laser rays are replaced by regular copper wires. The laser transmits data to the small-size light- or photovoltaic cell. And that silicon crystal turns flashes of light into zero and one. Photonic computers can keep their temperatures lower than regular computers. 

3) The third method is to control the system more effectively. The AI-based operating systems can keep the temperature in the microchips optimal. And that means the AI-based systems can share missions between multi-core processors more effectively. In those systems when the temperature rises in one processor, the AI can route the missions into other processors. 

That allows for decreased temperature in those processors. And, of course, the system can share its missions between multiple components. Those components can be independently operating computers even if they are in the same box.  The AI-based network can share its missions also between physical systems. 

https://dailycaller.com/2018/04/09/rick-perry-supercomputers/

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-moores-law-mits-innovative-lightning-system-combines-light-and-electrons-for-faster-computing/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law

The new kamikaze quadcopter could be a game-changer. But it can also cause risk for security.

  The new kamikaze quadcopter could be a game-changer. But it can also cause risk for security. 

The new large-size anti-tank quadcopter is a tool whose abilities have not been realized yet. Aircraft or satellites can drop those kamikaze quadcopters into some operational area. And if the target for those systems is the silo-based ICBM systems. The quadcopter can wait for the silo's hatch to be open. Then those quadcopters will fly over the ICBM and detonate themselves just when the missile is firing. Anti-tank quadcopters can make holes in the submarine's hulls. 

Also, agents can carry those kamikaze quadcopters near airfields or other military bases. Then those drones will fly into the ammunition dumps or they can cause damage to radar systems or electric supply, destroy aircraft, or detonate ammunition dumps. 

"Rotem Alpha anti-tank drone at DSEI 2023 in London Image: DAVID HAMBLING" (Forbes.com/Super-Sized, Super-Smart Kamikaze Quadcopter ‘Bringing Anti-Tank Dominance)

Artificial intelligence creates other programs. And that makes it a very powerful tool. By using freeware tools is possible to make customized software for less than 7 Euros an hour. The ChatBot type AI can operate as a development tool for creating software for robots. That allows the system to create customized software for civil and military drones. 

When we think about killer drones the system must only know the point where it should land, and then the system must not have slow-down mode. The ChatBot-type software generators can modify any drone in the world into a killer drone. When we think of killer drones. We are facing a very dangerous situation. In that situation, only one drone that is sold to the wrong hands can cause catastrophic. 

It's possible to download that control software from that drone. And then operators can load that software to any quadcopter. That means that in the wrong hands. Those systems are high-risk for national security. 

The new quadcopter-looking kamikaze drone is a good example of how cheap AI is. R&D work with that application is expensive things. But when the software is ready, it can scale all over the entirety. 

When software is developed system can download it into any tool, connected with it. The morphing neural network topology makes it possible to program one drone, and then that drone will transmit its program over the entire network. The AI-based applications can interconnect every system into one entirety. 

https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2023/09/14/super-sized-super-smart-kamikaze-quadcopter-bringing-anti-tank-dominance/

The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

   The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

The question is about the effects of dark matter and dark energy. There is a theory that there are two dark matter types. Hot dark matter is a material. Whose energy level is higher than visible material. Cold dark matter is material whose energy level is lower than visible material. 

Which way does energy travel? In this image, we can think that hot dark matter is the thing that is marked "dark matter". When that hypothetical material's energy level decreases. It turns into visible materials or atoms. Finally, it turns into cold dark matter and when those particles collapse into a 2D form they will make a short-term pothole that fills, and when quantum fields impact that pothole. They send energy impulses, that we see as dark energy. 

So energy travels from hot dark matter through visible matter into cold dark matter. The cold dark matter would be material that has a 2-dimensional structure. And that makes the cold dark matter act like an energy vampire. Energy travels from visible material into cold dark matter.

Maybe cold dark matter is the basic energy level in space. Where our universe exists. That cold dark matter would be invisible because energy travels into that material. The reason, why there are no signs of that cold dark matter is that there are lots more cold dark matter than visible matter. 

But when energy impacts dark matter particles they send that energy into other dark matter particles. And that energy moves the dark matter could. That could be the dark energy. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Geometric shape of the universe. 

The reason why we cannot see hot dark matter either is when that material sends the radiation that we can detect it has turned into Higgs boson and then through the chains into stable electrons. And after that when that electron (or any other elementary particle) loses its mass, it turns into cold dark matter. 

Cosmic microwave background

The place of the cold and hot dark matter can be successively after visible material. And in that model, visible material is at the top energy level. In that model energy also travels into the dark matter and because there are lots of more dark matter particles than visible matter, that means the energy that travels into the dark matter. And then, it starts to travel between those dark matter particles. 

Cosmic gamma-ray background 

When we are looking at cosmic micro, gamma, and X-ray backgrounds, we can conclude that gravitational background forms similar structures as some of the cosmic backgrounds. That means gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is not homogenous. That causes the induction conclusion that the universe cannot be purely spherical, hyperbolic, or even flat. 

Cosmic X-ray background. 

The universe's shape would be like a rag, where one corner turned up. In that model, the universe's shape is a combination of those geometrical shapes.  The question about the universe's shape is interesting because it should be a combination of all of those geometrical possibilities. 

Most researchers believe that the universe is flat. But there is a model. where the material that forms our universe is like a ball above that flat universe. If that model is real, energy travels from that ball into that universe or energy level below it. 

In that model, the universe or the 3D material is like a ball, that hovers above the material the energy level is under detectable level. And that material is mainly the cold dark matter. If the cold dark matter's energy level is lower than the visible material's minimum energy level. That means energy travels from visible 3D material to that 2D material, and our universe is like a ball, that hovers in space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/universe-defies-einsteins-predictions-cosmic-structure-growth-mysteriously-suppressed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Cosmic background images Space com, ESA and NASA