The problems with hypersonic flight can be solved. But it takes time.

Researchers face huge problems. With hypersonic weapon development. And. Hypersonic aircraft development is more difficult than hypersonic cruise missile development. Reusable hypersonic systems can turn many things faster and more dangerous than they are now. 

In normal cases, a hypersonic system can reach hypersonic speed only in high-flying conditions. The air must be thin enough that the temperature will not rise too high. The hypersonic aircraft travels in very thin air. The aircraft must have a system that prevents the body from overheating. One of the things. What can solve that problem is the wires or antennas, which can transport heat out from the hypersonic body. 

The antenna. That is behind the aircraft. It can help to stabilize the temperature. This thing. It is. To use the high-temperature ceramic shell, which chemically bonds to the titanium-wolfram-chromium metal composite. These kinds of materials. They are very resistant to high temperatures and pressure. Another thing is the stealth technology that the aircraft should use. That it survives the missions. A big problem. With hypersonic warheads like the Russian Avangard, is that. In high-speed flight, plasma. Covers those warheads. That plasma always acts in the same way. It causes the radio blackout. When a spacecraft travels through the ionosphere. And hypersonic aircraft travel in the ionosphere. 

The plasma makes it hard to detect those warheads or hypersonic aircraft. Making them invisible to radars. But. The same system denies those aircraft . And missiles to use radars. And other radio wave-based communication. Radio waves cannot travel through that plasma. But. The system can. Use a magnetic field to push that plasma away from the aircraft. The system can push air away from the aircraft body. Making the air thinner decreases friction. There is also a possibility that the aircraft uses lasers to create the plasma shield. The stealth system must use nano-lasers to create. The plasma. By ionizing air using those lasers. 

The plasma stealth or plasma shield requires. The system uses lidars. And optical-AI-based systems to search and intercept targets. The hypersonic system can use lasers. To create the bubble, the air is thinner. And that allows researchers to reach hypersonic speeds in lower altitudes. The fact is that hypersonic missiles can be used. The kinetic energy impacts the target. This system requires highly accurate target recognition and an attack system. 

This system cannot use radars to search for targets. And that means those hypersonic systems are hard to use nuclear detonators. Those systems use inertial navigation for starting navigation. Then the missile starts. To corner the target. At this point. It requires. Some kind of radar image. It can be used for high-accuracy operation. The problem is that the radar signal doesn’t pass the plasma layer. And that denies the use of radio transmitters that drones can attach to the roofs. The hypersonic system must slow its speed so that it can use the radar to search for targets. 

https://www.imeche.org/news/news-article/engineers-face-extreme-hurdles-as-hypersonic-weapon-development-accelerates

 https://interestingengineering.com/space/varda-space-flies-hypersonic-system

https://news.usni.org/2021/06/14/mda-u-s-aircraft-carriers-now-at-risk-from-hypersonic-missiles

New engines accelerate aircraft and missiles to hypersonic speed.

China tests a new engine that accelerates jet aircraft and missiles to speeds exceeding Mach 6. The thing that makes this engine remarkable is that it’s air-breathing. Air-breathing hypersonic engines enable the creation of lighter systems with longer flight times. The air-breathing hypersonic aircraft or missile can fly at high altitudes. Those systems fly higher than regular aircraft but lower than satellites. And the thing that makes hypersonic systems have that ability is that they fly so fast. The high-speed flight squeezes air into the air inlet. 

And. That makes it possible. To create a system that flies at very high altitudes. A big problem. With  hypersonic engines, there are their compressors. Will not work at hypersonic speeds. The centripetal force destroys the compressor. So, the system needs an engine. That doesn’t need moving parts. The answer to that problem is the ramjet engine. The ramjet engine doesn’t use moving parts. The engine itself is the tube, where the airflow creates the pressure that starts the combustion.  Normally, ramjet-driven systems are launched by using rockets. Or they are dropped from aircraft. And the rocket accelerates them to a speed that allows the ramjet or scramjet engine to start. 

The scramjet engine is the engine that starts at Mach 6-8. And that hypersonic amjet is made for the speed. Those are beyond the ramjet operational top speed. There is a possibility that scramjet-driven systems. Like Boeing X-51 Waverider. It can be shot to a ballistic trajectory. Then the system dives back. Into the atmosphere, and the scramjet breathes air. This allows. For making Mach 12-capable hypersonic cruise missiles. The hypersonic aircraft can also send satellites. To an Earth orbiter. They can make the ballistic jump out of the atmosphere. And then they can launch satellite carriers. Those systems can also act as space fighters. 

Boeing X-51 Waverider under B-52 Stratofortress. 

“Schematic diagram showing the operation of a centrifugal flow turbojet engine. The compressor is driven by the turbine stage and throws the air outwards, requiring it to be redirected parallel to the axis of thrust.” (Wikipedia, Turbojet)

“Diagram of a valved pulsejet. 1 - Air enters through the valve and is mixed with fuel. 2 - The mixture is ignited, expands, closes the valve, and exits through the tailpipe, creating thrust. 3 - Low pressure in the engine opens the valve and draws in air.” (Wikipedia, Pulsejet)

“Simple ramjet operation, with Mach numbers of flow shown” (Wikipedia, Ramjet)

“Diagram of principle of operation of a scramjet engine.” (Wikipedia, Scramjet)

Ramjets have been used for a long time in air-defense missiles. The problem is that the ramjet cannot be started. Before the aircraft flies at a speed of Mach 1. The answer to the problem . It can be the system that uses the regular turbojets for lift-off and acceleration. When an aircraft reaches Mach 1, the fuel injection to the ramjet starts. And then the aircraft can fly at a speed. That is about Mach 6. Another version could be the pulsejet. The pulsejet or flap engine was developed for Germany’s V-1 “Flying bomb” during WW2. The system closes the flap in the front of the engine. Then the fuel. It will be injected into the combustion chamber. And then the system injects the fuel. When the pulsejet needs air, it opens the front valve. 

And then the fuel injection starts in the combustion chamber. And then that system ignites the fuel-air mixture. The pulse-ramjet is a pulsejet that is formulated. As a ramjet engine. The system can use a compressor. That is the side of the engine. The compressor. It puts air. In the ramjet. The compressor system can transfer air to the ramjet. Before it reaches a speed of Mach 1. Then the system opens the front hatch. And let the air come into the combustion chamber. In rocket pulse-ramjets, the system can accelerate the aircrat to a speed of Mach 6. 

That is the limit for the ramject engine. Then the system closes the front hatch and uses internal oxygen. That turns the pulse ramjet into a rocket engine. That allows the system to fly outside the atmosphere. Or it can accelerate. It into. Speed about Mach 8. That is the limit for the scramjet engine start. The scramjet engine makes it possible. To create aircraft and missiles that can travel over Mach 8. The high-speed flight must be done. In extremely high altitudes. Friction in the air is extreme. So the aircraft must fly almost in space. 

https://www.afmc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/153475/x-51a-waverider-achieves-history-in-final-flight/

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/invisible-to-radars-is-us-air-force-set/

https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-engine-mach-6-speeds

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_X-51_Waverider

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsejet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojet

The Chinese military introduces a new pack of robots.

 

The Chinese military will get multiple types of robots. That can act as an entity. Those drone packs can include different sizes of quadcopters, human-shaped robots, and dog-shaped robots. And maybe robot vehicles. Those vehicles can act as transporters, or they can be used as intelligent car bombs. The robot boats also include those Chinese systems. The robot dog can search for things. Like mines and other explosives from underground. It can have ultrasound sonar-based tools. That makes the enemy unable to operate. The robot dog can have internal explosives. The drone dog can carry machine guns and grenade launchers. And those systems can be more versatile than anyone expected. 

The 3D printer systems that can operate from containers or ships can make those systems more effective. The 3D printers and versatile carrier systems. Allow the system to create customized drones and robots for every situation. In some scenarios, the stealth fighters or even intercontinental ballistic missiles can carry drone swarms and individual drones to some areas. In some scenarios, the agent sends a drone to the target. 

The incoming missile. Starts to use its target recognition radar. That radar can activate the transponder. The missile can use that drone as a target pointer. The stealth aircraft can also drop a drone with a laser pointer into the operational area. The drone can point targets for laser-guided rockets. 

Those robot vehicles can also carry multiple different types of robots to the battlefield and beyond. Cargo planes can carry those robots to the operational area. And. They can do many missions in that area. Robots can be very quiet if they use fuel cells as an energy source. The robot. It can use hydrocarbons. Like ethanol as a fuel for those fuel cells. The fact is this. The robots have no precise shape. And this means that. Those systems can use biomimicking technology. 

That means. Those systems can mimic animals. The animal-shaped robots can be tools that can turn this technology more devastating than ever. The kamikaze drone. That mimics some birds is a very dangerous tool. 

Every type of those robots can be a kamikaze robot that carries internal explosives. But. The same robot can also carry things. Like bazookas and anti-tank missiles. That makes them deadly tools. So those kamikaze-robots can also carry subammunition that they can use to open a path to the target. 

The thing that makes drones more versatile than missiles is this. They can also use intelligence and reconnaissance operations. On the battlefield, those robots can collect data about targets. And when their fuel is ended. Those systems can start to search for targets. The long-range Geran-3 or Shehed-type drones can also collect information about the hostile areas. They can drop quadcopters with laser microphones on their route. Those systems can give very accurate information about the opponent. 

The drone can also make. The same reconnaissance missions as the full-size reconnaissance aircraft. Modern optics. Radio receivers. Computers. And AI-aided image processing  and data processing make it possible to use small-sized drones for reconnaissance and intelligence operations. 

https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/chinese-military-reveals-drone-wolf-pack-capable-of-swarm-operations-robot-dogs-can-be-equipped-with-grenade-launchers-and-machine-guns-for-urban-combat

A tornado of light. Or. Optical makes the quantum internet closer.

  

If researchers want to create a quantum internet. They must protect information. In a quantum internet, information travels between superpositioned and entangled particles. But. For making that thing in real life, the system must have the ability to create a quantum channel through the air. Otherwise, the system must use nanotubes to create the channel. But. If the system can make the channel through the air, that turns the system itself more flexible than carbon nanotubes. The ability to remove magnetic fields, molecules, and radiation from the channel. That which travels through the air makes it possible to create the channel that allows quantum entanglement. To transmit information through it. 

Researchers created a spiral light. Today. Those spiral light formations are possible only on a microscopic scale. But if that technology turns more advanced. That system can be useful in a quantum network system. On the microscopic scale, the system can transmit information in photonic microchips. But in the long-range quantum network, information can travel through microscopic quantum channels. 

And that can turn many things. Like, long-range quantum communication into reality. The system makes. The spiral light, or light tornado. That can make it possible to create an electromagnetic wormhole through air. The system. It can use a spinning nanotube. And nano-technical lasers. The system could also trap a photon to orbit some object. And then the system makes the light-acoustic tornado through the air. The light tornado protects information that travels inside it. The light tornado makes it possible. To create a long-range quantum entanglement through that channel. This kind of optical system can make information transportation more secure than ever. 

But those kinds of channels make other things possible. Those systems can create a channel that allows particles to travel through the air. These kinds of systems can make things like ion cannons and antimatter-ion beams possible. Antimatter particles can be shot by using normal ion cannons. The main challenge is how to prevent. Those antimatter particles. From touching air. During their travel to the target. The antimatter beam could be possible. If. Something denies antimatter particles. Touch with material particles. If that thing is possible to deny the system, it can shoot antimatter particles through that channel.

https://interestingengineering.com/science/tornado-of-light 

https://scitechdaily.com/optical-rotatum-harvard-scientists-discover-new-structure-of-light/

New autonomous task units are entering service.

"The deal will create much-needed competition for the Department of War acquisition process. (Representational image)" (Interesting Engineering)

The U.S. Navy has a 200-foot-long (approximately 61 m) autonomous surface vehicle that can advance its combat capacity. The large sea drones. They can carry large and flexible computer systems that can allow them to operate independently.  Those computers can run complicated and effective algorithms. And those systems can operate as independent kamikaze-drones. Robot missile boats and a platform for flying drones. Those systems can be dangerous to all other vehicles. And they might also have a role as cargo systems. The system is basically similar to the Ukrainian Sea Baby drone, which successfully operated in Simferopol harbour. 

There is also a possibility that those large robot vehicles can act as development platforms for larger and more sophisticated systems. The sea drone, like autonomous surface vehicles (ASV) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), can have an unlimited operational range. If those systems use a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) that gives electricity to the electric engines. This gives the system virtually unlimited operational range. There is a possibility that things like Orca-class drones can have that kind of propulsion system. 

"Multi Mission Uncrewed Surface Vessel." (Interesting Engineering)

The first hydrogen-powered drones are operating in Ukraine. And they seem promising. Those drones use fuel cells. And the thing. That makes them interesting. It is because. Hydrogen. It is easy to produce. Using electrolysis. 

If we think about. The larger underwater and surface drones use radioisotope batteries. That can be connected. Into a series. As chemical batteries. Those systems can operate theoretically indefinitely. There is possiblity that those drones carry sub-drones that can use hydrogen as fuel. That means that those drones can create. The hydrogen for those flying or underwater swarming drones. By using electrolysis. There is also a possibility. That, quite soon, we will see full-size submarine drones. They might carry supercomputers for running algorithms. The large size, nuclear-powered drone can operate in the same missions as a manned submarine. 

Those drones can operate on hydrogen-powered versions of the Shahed drones or their jet-powered variants. The drone can use hydrogen in the fuel cell. Or it can use hydrogen-powered ramjet engines. In that case, the hypersonic drone or missile must be launched. From the platform, using a rocket, which accelerates the drone to a speed of about Mach 1.

And of course, hydrogen can be used as fuel for the regular piston engines. But, if the thing. Like. An aircraft carrier can have hydrogen-powered aircraft or an air wing. It can create hydrogen from water. By using electrolysis. That gives unlimited operational capacity to those aircraft. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/unmanned-ships-with-most-advanced-autonomy-us

https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-uncrewed-surface-vessel-warfare-power

https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-drone-runs-on-hydrogen-and-its-fighting-in-donbas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_underwater_vehicle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Shark_(submarine)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JARI_USV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_surface_vehicle

Radiation and information. When wavelength matters.

"Schematic configuration for generation and detection of femtosecond UV-C laser pulses in free space. A message is coded by a UV-C laser source-transmitter and decoded by a sensor-receiver. The sensor is based on an atomically-thin semiconductor grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a 2-inch sapphire wafer (inset). Credit: B.T. Dewes et al." (ScitechDaily, A New UV Laser Sends Messages in Trillionths of a Second)

The new UV (Ultraviolet) laser system allows ultra-fast data transmission through the air. The UV lasers are suitable tools for data transmission because they don’t transfer as much energy to their environment as IR lasers do. The IR radiation is long-wave radiation, which we normally call thermal radiation. The UV radiation has a short wavelength. And its opposite side to visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum. The short wavelength. Allows the radiation to transfer information faster than long wavelengths. 

The zeros and ones in binary data transmission are bottoms and tops. Or hills and valleys in wave movement. The system must also know the breaks of the transmission. So the long wavelength requires that the system must “think” longer. Is the bottom of the wave the break, or is it zero in the line of zeros and ones? The short wavelength allows. The system sends light impulses. Those impulses are like line- or QR codes. 

The system doesn’t require. So much time to start a new binary number line transfer. In a photonic quantum computer. Each wavelength. It is a unique state of the qubit. The system can use different types of lasers. For making those qubits. Those systems can involve fewer states than a system that is in quantum entanglement. The qubit can have multiple states. But finally. Each of the qubit states has values. One and zero. This means that a quantum computer can operate as multiple binary computers. At the same time. The quantum computer can also share complex missions. Between multiple states. That makes those systems more effective. 

The UV light doesn’t heat the target as much as IR radiation, and that makes UV lasers suitable for photonic computers. In electro-optical data transmission. The UV lasers can carry more data than IR lasers, and the UV laser is invisible to IR sensors. This is why. Those UV lasers or UV laser scanners are tools that can break the stealth systems. The UV laser scanner is invisible to infrared detectors. And it's invisible. 

For the human eye. The short-wave radiation. Like UV, X- and maybe someday, gamma rays are promising tools for computing. The X-ray systems can also transmit data through the walls. The reason why short-wave high-energy radiation can tunnel. Through walls better than IR radiation that makes holes is quite an interesting thing. The short-wave radiation pushes quantum fields of atoms. Away from each other. But. It doesn’t let those fields drop back. So the short-wave radiation forms a channel through the wall. 

This channel doesn't form the energy movement that moves back and forth. The thing is that energy pumping doesn’t destroy matter. The end of pumping causes a situation. Where atoms and subatomic particles release their extra energy. That thing causes resonance. And the free energy pushes those particles away from each other. That breaks chemical bonds between atoms and releases. Energy that is stored in those bonds. 

“The general definition of a qubit is the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.”(Wikipedia, Qubit)

At the bottom, there is the binary system. The quantum computer’s qubit forms. Of strings. Those strings are the state of the qubit. Each of those strings has values 0 and 1. So, each of those strings or states of the qubit can act as an independent computer. This allows the quantum computer operate so effectively. It can make. Multiple operands at the same time. The graphene layers that are opposite each other can trap particles in the carbon structures in the middle of those carbon nets. Energy that will transfer to the transmitting side causes. Resonation into particles that are in the middle of those carbon network structures. Another version is the fullerene. There, the surface structure sends string-shaped strings to the central particle. 

“Bloch Sphere representation of a qubit”. (Wikipedia, Qubit). The fullerene can form the Bloch sphere. There must only be the particles in the fullerene’s shell. And then the particle that transmits and receives information in the middle of that structure. The system can send information first from the shell to the particle in the middle of the fullerene. And then that particle or particle group can resend information back to the shell of the Bloch sphere-qubit. 

For making damage, radiation must penetrate matter or a wall. For making damages. Radiation must have the right wavelength. If the wavelength is too long, atoms release their energy slowly. If the wavelength is too short. That means radiation makes a tunnel through the particles. The energy pumping doesn’t itself destroy matter or separate atoms. 

Ball-and-stick model of the C60 fullerene (buckminsterfullerene)(Wikipedia, Fullerene.Fullene can act as a Bloch qubit. 

When energy pumping ends, atoms release their extra energy, and that release must be so strong. It cuts the chemical bonds. That causes the rise of free energy in the system. Things like visible light cause interaction in the surface atoms. That allows those atoms to reflect radiation out from them. It closes the radiation’s route inside the matter. And that’s why the visible light. Doesn’t harm materia. 

The long-wavelength radiation. Like IR radiation also pushes those quantum fields. From its direction. Then the IR radiation allows those quantum fields to interact with each other. Those fields are releasing energy between them when the wave of the IR radiation decreases. When the next wave comes. That wave impacts those energy fields, and the result is similar. With the knocking engine. And that forms standing waves in the wall. 

That transports more energy into those atoms than short-wave radiation. The radio waves also tunnel through walls, but their wavelength is so long. It moves atoms or their quantum fields. Gently. Away from its route. The radio wave’s long wavelength. allows those atoms release their extra energy. Slower than the IR radiation. 

The form of the 2D matter causes the matter to be very strong. The strength of that matter forms because energy travels away from it immediately. The strength and other unique features of the 2D matter form because there is no depth in that matter. 

In the case of visible light, the light adjusts. The atoms like IR radiation. But. The wavelength causes an effect. The surface atoms expand their quantum fields. That denies the wave movement traveling in the matter. So. Most of the energy that visible light sends is reflected back from the surface atoms. For making holes or causing damage. The wave movement must penetrate the matter. The thing that causes damage is the energy that penetrates and spreads through the matter. 

If the energy impacts only the surface of matter, that doesn’t cause damage, because energy has room to spread. This makes the graphene layer so strong. The graphene network allows the energy spread through the layer without resistance. Graphene is 2D matter, and it doesn’t allow. To create deep vertical waves. Most of the energy. Travels from one carbon atom to another. The graphene layer doesn’t allow the creation of so-called long resonance waves that close wave movement inside it. This means that the graphene layer over normal matter would make next-generation armours possible. The graphene layer that stands on carbon pillars. 

Denies the formation of those deep-standing wave pillars. And that allows energy transfer off the graphene. If low-energy particles flow between the main layer. And graphene. That makes it possible to create a layer that can conduct energy away from it very fast. If the grapahe layer hovers above the main layer, that thing denies energy transfer to the main layer. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-uv-laser-sends-messages-in-trillionths-of-a-second/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit

New systems allow researchers to follow cellular communication wirelessly.

"To improve biosensing techniques that can aid in diagnosis and treatment, MIT researchers developed tiny, wireless antennas that use light to detect minute electrical signals in liquid environments, which are shown in this rendering. Credit: Marta Airaghi and Benoit Desbiolles." (ScitechDaily, MIT Scientists Harness Light To Wirelessly Monitor Cellular Electrical Signals)

The new systems use light to read cellular electric signals. Electric impulses on the cell's protein shell control the ion pumps. Ions are the key element in chemical communication between neurons and other cells. The immune system requires those ions to detect cells. That doesn't work as it should. 

The cell uses them to take in and remove nutrients. Ion pumps play a key role in communication between neurons and other cells. 

It's possible. Neurons can communicate with individual cells benefiting the electric vortex at the ion pumps. Or it can receive and deliver neurotransmitters through those ion pumps. 

That can make it possible to create new types of medical treatments and new ways to control and boost our wealth. In the most interesting ways to think they can exchange information between the cells and computers. And what if you can give orders to bacteria in your stomach that they must transport food straight away and not drive it in your body? That thing can save your life in the case of poisoning. 

The ability to communicate with bacteria will be an incredible advancement in microbiology. That thing might be closer than ever. The bacteria can used to produce virus antigens that can be covered with immune activators. That makes it possible to program the immune system to fight against new diseases. Genetically engineered bacteria can also create cancer cells' shell proteins. 

Those proteins can offer the possibility to activate the immune system to detect harmful cells in the human body. 

That makes immune cells destroy tumors and cancer cells in the early stage of cancer. In that stage cancer is a group of individual cells that are easy to kill. In that stage, they don't form tumors yet. 

In the future, it may even be possible to order bacteria out of the body. But before researchers can communicate with bacteria and give them orders, they must read its messages. That thing requires new tools that can observe 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-scientists-harness-light-to-wirelessly-monitor-cellular-electrical-signals/

The electromagnetic thrusters will revolutionize space missions.

"A solar-powered electromagnetic propulsion (EP) spacecraft design. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, How Electric Thrusters Are Revolutionizing Space Exploration)

Ion and electron engines revolutionize space technology. 

All electromagnetic thrusters are not ion systems. Some engine systems use lasers and microwave systems to boil frozen liquids and water to make pressure for rocket engines. 

Those systems are not as new as people believe. In 2007 the Dawn space probe used ion engines in a successful mission to research asteroids Ceres, Vesta, Juno, and Pallas. That ion thruster allowed it to operate and make maneuvers in the asteroid belt. 

Those systems make long-term propulsion possible. And they can make things like Mars missions more effective. 

Ion thrusters can use solar power. As well as they are suitable for nuclear reactors. And that makes them good tools for things like asteroid belt missions. Solar-power ion thrusters are also suitable for orbital missions. The satellite that can use ion thrusters can operate very flexibly. And it can make them good for scientific and military missions. 

The problem with ion thrusters is that those systems have very weak thrust. The answer could be the Medusa-drive type solution. There those ions will be blown to the solar sail-type structure. 

That ion sail will give new abilities for those systems. That increases their thrust. 

"Pictured is a 6 kW Hall thruster in operation at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, How Electric Thrusters Are Revolutionizing Space Exploration)

Or, the system can use the high-energy plasma that injects it into the engine system. That looks like the hood or the bell. The system shoots a laser beam through that plasma. 

That makes it a whirl. The plasma whirl will press against the front side of the chamber. The ion thrusters are interesting military. Because they can be used as weapons. 

The problem is ions repel each other. That spreads those ion beams. 

How to keep the beam in its form.  In some versions. The target must be loaded with opposite-polar electricity. 

Or something puts magnets on a satellite shell or behind a satellite. 

That pulls plasma from the Van Allen belt to the target. 

That pulls ions or anions to it. Another way to keep the ion beam in its shape is an ion cannon. That shoots an electron beam along with an ion beam. And those opposite polar particles should keep that beam in its form. 

The ion thruster can create the ion layer between satellites and the ground station. That ion system denies communication between ground stations and satellites. 

And it's an effective way to jam the GPS. The ion layer between aircraft and radars makes it impossible to see the ground from the air. But it also can deny ground radars to see the flying aircraft. 

https://scitechdaily.com/plasma-powered-rocket-designed-for-deep-space-exploration/

https://aiandthefuture.wordpress.com/2025/01/05/the-electromagnetic-thrusters-will-revolutionize-space-missions/

British military tested a new EMP weapon.

"RFDEW demonstrator on truck." (Gov.Uk, Press release)

British soldiers successfully test drone killer radiowave weapon for first time

The new radio-wave-based drone defense is interesting. Radiowaves don't harm living organisms or cause symptoms, which allows the creation of new electromagnetic pulse-based systems that are safe for users. 

The radio-wave-based EMP weapons can used against drones, battlefield robots, and wearable electronics. 

Those systems can also target things like data centers and other electronic components. 

That makes this kind of system dangerous for the data networks. 

GSM-base stations are good targets for those EMP weapons. 

Unlike microwave weapons, which cause injuries to targets, EMP or radio-wave-based electromagnetic weapons can harm only electronics. Some of those systems' bases are impulse capacitors, which can give a very strong electric burst. The radio system transforms that electricity into the radio waves. The system can probably create strong, long-term radio impulses that can destroy the electric components. 

Crossing radio waves can create powerful electric arcs that can cause damage or even destroy things like fast-flying aircraft and drones. 

Those systems can cause damage to ammunition storage and fuel stations. If radio waves with opposite polarity cross on the point where ammunition is that can detonate the gunpowder. 

(https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-soldiers-successfully-test-drone-killer-radiowave-weapon-for-first-time)

Electromagnetic impulses can be used to destroy also other electronics than just drones. Those systems can terminate enemy radios and damage electronics in missiles. And that makes those systems ideal for the battlefield. The high-power radio waves can also jump from the ionosphere. And they can destroy electronics far beyond the horizon. The crossing of radio-maser waves can cause damage to structures if their transmitting power is high enough. 

Electromagnetic and especially radio-wave-based systems can benefit the radars as their platforms. When radar sees some threat the system increases its power. High-power radars with a megawatt-class transmitting power can destroy satellites from their orbital. That EMP-based system leaves the satellite in one piece. That denies space debris formation. 

The EMP weapons can also terminate the suspected fractional orbital bombardment systems (FOBS) or orbital-based nuclear weapons. Those systems can deny the explosion of EMP nuclear weapons and they can also deny the work of the normal nuclear weapons if they can damage their electronics. 

In some visions, the power satellites transmit energy to Earin as coherent radio waves. Those power satellites can also destroy electronics from the aerial and other targets. The orbital-based power satellites can create megawatt-class energy transmission. Those power satellites can also use their energy transmitters against other satellites. That kind of system can also guard the borders. 

 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-soldiers-successfully-test-drone-killer-radiowave-weapon-for-first-time

https://aiandthefuture.wordpress.com/2025/01/04/british-military-tested-a-new-emp-weapon/

The Medusa: advanced nuclear pulse propulsion.

Basically. The Medusa system is based on a similar concept. With the famous project Orion. The attempt to create the nuclear pulse propulsion for the interplanetary flight. Project Orion planned to use small nuclear bombs to accelerate its speed to interplanetary missions. And basically. We can say that the Medusa is the modified  "Orion" that uses the solar sail for acceleration. 

The solar sail can be packed at the nose of the "Orion" and the system can use solar energy to accelerate its speed before it detonates nuclear bombs. Even if in that film the nuclear bomb is detonated at the front of the craft. It's possible to detonate them behind the craft and then the would be the Orion, which uses solar sail for accelerating its speed and the nuclear bombs will get into use when the caft is away from the sun. 

When sunlight is weak the Medusa system can continue its journey by using nuclear bombs like small hydrogen bombs. The craft can have two magnets away from its shell. Their mission would be to transfer ions like helium or alpha ions and beta particles like anions and electrons into those magnets. That protects the spacecraft shell and its crew or measurement tools against those particles. And if those nukes launch at the front of the craft those magnets minimize the force that pushes the craft backward. 

There are many ways to use nuclear bombs in acceleration. The craft can carry nuclear bombs inside it. The small neutron bombs will push the craft forward. But then we can think that large-size hydrogen bombs will shoot into space at certain points of the Medusa's trajectory. When Medusa passes those points the 50 mt. Hydrogen bombs will explode. And they will push the craft forward. But in some models, the system can use things like small antimatter bombs to give acceleration. 

In some lightweight systems, the large parabolic mirror will heat the hydrogen in the tank. Hydrogen can give energy to the solar generators. And if the system has a cooler that thing can make it possible to recycle hydrogen. 

Medusa as a weapon. 

There is the possibility to use the Medusa-type system as a weapon. In those systems, parabolic mirror collects sunlight for lasers. In lasers, those mirrors will aim the sunlight at the laser element which can be carbon dioxide laser. Those lasers give very high-energy pulses. The large mirror can also operate as an energy collector for nuclear lasers. 

In those systems, the nuclear weapon's flash will focus by using that mirror into the lasers that can be very powerful. In some other versions of the high-power X-ray lasers, the laser system gets its energy from the nuclear bomb that detonates around the laser element. That gives a very high power energy impulse to the target. 

The DNA-controlled nano-robots can be the next-generation tool for civil and military.

R&D work with tiny robots is work that requires high morale. The thing is that we want to make robots for good. But things like dictatorships are also interesting in the military and espionage applications of those systems. Those robots are extremely potential tools for the military. And the world is so a bad place, that we need weapon applications to defend ourselves. 

The nano-robots and nanorobot swarms are the new tools to fight against cancer. Those things can travel inside the human body, and then remove or inject medicine into cells that are targeted to them. Nanomachines can move artificial DNA to the targeted cells and those DNA bites can order the cell to die. 

The nanorobots can also clean blood vessels and make many things that were impossible a short time ago.  DNA can be used as a computer program in many ways. In simplest models. The DNA bites that travel through the reader and their length determines the value of the number one or zero. Another way is to transform those DNA bites into the bar code that the computer reads. 

The third version that can control miniature robots is the artificial DNA bites that involve some attribute of certain cells. The AI-based systems can search certain actions of the cell, and then locate the point of the DNA that activates that action. Then the artificial DNA will be collected from the wanted attributes of cells. 

The nanorobot swarms can also be used to transport and inject medicines and vaccines into humans and animals. The nanorobot swarms can collect samples from flora and fauna. But as we know there are dark sides also in that technology. The same robots that can inject medicines into people can inject deadly poisons. The same robots that can transport DNA into the targeted cells can leave those cells in the body. That causes death because of gangrene. In medical work, that thing is very important. 

But for military purposes that kind of system is suitable for many undercover operations. Biotechnology allows researchers to create snake- or spider poisons using cell cultures. And that means. There are many things. That makes nanotechnology dangerous in the wrong hands. The rotor-shaped nanorobot that slips into cells can turn the entire body into liquid. 

The nanorobots are tools that can observe bugs and animals. But they can also break human privacy. They can slip into rooms or touch their clothes and transmit information to the receiver. The nanorobot can be on the microprocessor. It can record and re-transmit all data that travels through that microchip. Nanotechnology is a fascinating but also terrifying tool. They can give cures for cancer. Or they can terminate any person in the world.