A Chinese portable electromagnetic gun can be far more dangerous than anyone expected.

To be dangerous, the railgun must not reach hypersonic speed. The speed of a normal bullet is enough to make those systems dangerous. The railgun can be connected with the automatic launch system, which takes an image of the target. It measures the air pressure, wind, target’s distance, precise position, and speed. And then. The operator aims the gun, and the system shoots the ammunition automatically. The system. It can also use intelligent bullets that the laser point aims to target. 

The system takes an image of the target. And then the system transfers it in the bullet, which uses its wings to drive it into the target. This allows the shooter to shoot precisely behind visual obstacles. The railgun system can also shoot small drone helicopters that fly over enemy heads. And then those mini copters can shoot those targets by using bullets inside them. The system would be. A little bit like the CBU-97 Sensor Fused Weapon, but smaller. The 20-40 mm version of this system is possible. To shoot through the portable railgun or grenade launcher.

Portable railguns reach a very high rate of fire. That means that the system can act as a portable version of the minigun. But the electromagnetic launching system makes it more flexible than regular guns. And another thing is that those electromagnetic weapons are not jammed in the same way as normal guns. The EM gun doesn’t need gunpowder, and that’s why it can act in very wet conditions. The main problem. With those guns is the battery system. Those batteries are heavy. They are as easy to change as the magazine of the gun. The system doesn’t cause flash in the dark. To be dangerous, the gun must not send ammunition. 

CBU-97 Sensor Fused Weapon’s tactical diagram. The small-sized man-portable version of this weapon. It is maybe under development. 

With hypersonic speed. The system can adjust the speed of ammunition from high subsonic to high supersonic. The speed of 9 mm. A Parabellum bullet is enough to kill a person. The small-sized EM guns don’t cause explosive alarms. The system can accelerate ammunition by using an electric arc. And then Gauss's track accelerates the ammunition. This kind of system can shoot 1000-3000 rounds per minute. 

The small railguns can be mounted on the drones. And the lack of recoil makes them suitable for small drones. Small drones. They  can be equipped with centrifugal cannons. Centrifugal cannon. It is just a spinning plate. The problem is that. The muzzle velocity of centrifugal cannons is not as high as that of magnetic cannons. 

The system that includes both systems. Centrifugal and magnetic accelerators can give far higher muzzle velocity and rate of fire than centrifugal cannon or magnetic cannon alone. 

The rate of fire could rise far higher if Gauss’s track is connected to a centrifugal cannon. The centrifugal cannon is a spinning plate that can guide those rounds to Gauss’s track. The system can drop metal balls onto the spinning plate. And then the hole in the frame lets those metal balls travel into the magnetic accelerator. 

https://brobible.com/culture/article/china-handheld-electromagnetic-railgun/

https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-electromagnetic-cannon-tech-coil-gun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBU-97_Sensor_Fuzed_Weapon

Is AI just a tool?

“A new study explores how interactions with generative AI may influence the way people form and reinforce beliefs, particularly when technology becomes part of everyday thinking processes. Credit: Stock” (ScitechDaily, Is AI Really Just a Tool? It Could Be Altering How You See Reality)

Somebody thinks. That AI is just another wheel. The AI is something that we use, and that’s it. But. The big thing. In AI, it is that. It’s far more. Than just some kind of tool. The AI is a flexible model for information. AI is like a human; it just doesn’t create information from emptiness. It processes information. That it gets from different sources. The system involves an algorithm, the program that collects information from sensors and databases. Another thing. In. AI is a computer program. The AI collects and processes a lot of data. But the problem is that. It uses databases. It doesn’t actually know if the information is false or true. 

In the same way, AI doesn’t think for itself about whether something is moral or ethical. The user teaches AI. And. The user selects what is right or wrong. And that is dangerous. There are people who are not normal. And if those people train an AI agent. That thing can turn into a catastrophe. The AI itself doesn’t cheat. It’s programmed to cheat. 

But humans either automatically know. Is the information. That we get true or false. Another thing is that the AI has an addictive psychological ability. Users select AI. That they feel most comfortable. This means that programmers do a lot of work to create AI that pleases users. And that is the thing that sometimes gets too far. The AI is a tool that is coming. The AI. It can have similar effects to net porn and some computer games. The AI can addict people. And they spend too much time with it. So, they get a headache. Sleepless and many other things, when they create things with AI.

 AI might look and feel like. A real human. It can discuss with people. And that forms an illusion that there is a human on the other side of the net. The AI. It can mimic feelings. And give advice. That feels very effective. But there are limits to the AI. And its use for things like a therapist. The AI should not have access to give psychotherapy. And the second thing is this. There must be some limits on things. That the user can ask the AI to do.  If a person asks AI to complete violent requests, they should have access to, or the order to, call a psychologist. 

There must be some kind of protocol that allows AI to pick dangerous people, like serial killers and suicide candidates. We know that there are lots of people. Aho asks the AI something that they would not dare to ask a real humans. The AI is a tool that can be a very good customer service agent. But the same thing that makes it a perfect customer service agent makes it a bad psychotherapist. The psychotherapist must dare to say if something is not as it should be. 

The AI has an algorithm that pleases the user. And in some cases. The AI tries to please the user at the wrong moment. The AI must have access to say “no” or refuse to do things that people ask. In the cases of depression, the AI that pleases the user can cause horrible things. When we say that AI is safe, we mean that the AI is safe for regular people. We don’t normally think that some very dangerous people can use AI. In those cases, the AI can incite people to make decisions. That causes bad things. The AI is a tool. That has a very big effect. 

https://scitechdaily.com/is-ai-really-just-a-tool-it-could-be-altering-how-you-see-reality/

The new quantum systems use less noisy methods.

The quantum computer might not have the capacity to run complex algorithms. But. Quantum systems are very effective tools. To solve linear mathematical problems. This is why we should develop cryptography that is not dependent on linear methods. Like the Riemann Conjecture. And the Zeta function. In normal cryptography, the Zeta function is used to calculate binary numbers. Then the encryption system counts the ASCII codes with those binary numbers. That has been a very effective way to encrypt data. Quantum computers can calculate as many binary numbers. 

The fast, cloud-based neurocomputers can crack those codes. The system is hybrid. And that’s why. It might be in use. The quantum system calculates only the series of binary numbers, and then it shares it with the neurocomputer cloud. That is the networked superfast computers. The system can cut the Riemann series into pieces. And then share those pieces with the computers in the morphing neural network. 

The fact is this: we need new types of cryptography to solve the problem that the quantum apocalypse can cause. The old-fashioned cryptography is helpless against quantum and neural computers. This means that we should develop the non-linear encryption methodology. The problem is that we are in the quantum arms race. The new computers make the old-fashioned encryption helpless. And that means. We cannot. Just leave that technology. And play that the past was better. If we make that thing. We offer the key to our systems to China and Russia. 

“In 2018, researchers in Paris demonstrated their ability to maneuver neutral atoms by arranging a swarm of atoms in the shape of the Eiffel Tower.” (Qaunta, New Advances Bring the Era of Quantum Computers Closer Than Ever)

The new advances bring quantum computers closer every day than ever. The AI-based systems. Allow for. The control of qubits with new accuracy. 

New ideas in quantum technology, such as the ability to use neutral atoms, make a significant advance in quantum computing. This means that the decrease in the number of dead qubits allows the system to transport and compute information with greater precision. The ability to use neutral atoms, which could be stabilized. By using lasers. These are tools for making quantum calculations. More effective. The number of qubits is not the problem. The problem is so-called dead qubits, the qubits that do nothing. In quantum computers. The system stores information in particles. The system stores information in the wave movement at the shell of the particle. And the problem is this: all of those waves cannot involve information. Those waves that do nothing cause the quantum noise. The quantum noise. Means the so-called white noise or free energy in the system. 

When a quantum computer starts to transport information between superpositioned and entangled particles, it requires the system to transmit that proposed information by using a higher energy level than the noise. The situation is similar to when we discuss in some large halls. We must get our message. To the person who stands in front of us. The noise around us forces us to talk a little bit louder than others. That causes an effect that other people must raise their voice. And sooner or later, people yell at each other. The quantum computer does the same thing. When it tries to transmit information over the noise. It raises its energy level. The problem is that the system transmits energy also to waves that don’t carry information. 

“A new study shows that perovskites can dynamically shift their structure under light in a controllable way. This unusual property hints at future technologies where devices respond directly to light stimuli. Credit: Marina Leite, UC Davis” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover “Shape-Shifting” Semiconductors Activated by Light)

This means that when the system tries to get information. Through the system. And raises energy in the quantum system, it also raises the energy level in the noise. So what would be the answer? The system can use tools. That makes it detect and recognize qubits that carry information. The system. It can use atoms that are trapped in the medium. Making a superposition between rare atoms is easier than making a superposition between photons. There is a possibility that the system can use monoatomic objects. Like crystal balls, which are made of purified silicone. The system must create a monotonic quantum field between those objects. 

And then. Make the superposition and entanglement between those quantum fields.  The thing is that. Quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum networks. They are not the same thing. In quantum computers, information travels between superpositioned and entangled particles. In a quantum network, the system transmits information. In the form of a connection with a physical object. The problem has been how to transmit information into the quantum channel. The answer. It can be the new semiconductors that react to light. The semiconductor can form a pyramid shape. The pyramids take atoms between their heads. Then. The system connects the quantum fields of those atoms. Then it sends a wave through that atom line. The pyramid heads. They can be in the nanotube. 

Theoretically, the system could also use artificial viruses. Or put the DNA to travel in the nanotubes. In the first case, the system stores data in the DNA of the virus. And then the system reads that DNA. In the second way, the system. It can send images of those viruses or the DNA code in binary form. This means that the system uses the DNA chemical code and sends those letters to the receiver. 

In a quantum network, the system can share messages between multiple physical lines. The system can use TCP/IP and separate each data package. The data package must have information. That tells which message it belongs to, and the position of that data in the data line. 

Or, the network. It can use quantum cryptography. In quantum cryptography, the system. It can use certain images. Like a star and a square, to hide information. In binary mode. A star can be one, and a square can be zero. 

The system sends the geometrical shapes all the time. And then the system requires another thing. The information on where messages start. Those images. They can be Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. In that case, Donald Duck can mean one, and Mickey Mouse means zero, in the binary system. The system can also use letter pairs. The “S” can mean one, and “M” can mean zero. The system can hide information by using letters. And this kind. Cryptography can involve multiple layers. The system can notice only the marks. Those are in every other line.  In that type of cryptography, every letter can mean a word. The “A” can mean. The “Car”. And this makes. This kind. Of cryptography. A very effective. The systems. Those that change their encryption methods and use multiple internal systems are very hard to break. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-advances-bring-the-era-of-quantum-computers-closer-than-ever-20260403/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-shape-shifting-semiconductors-activated-by-light/

New DNA-based technology. Makes it possible to create biological tools that can revolutionize computing.

"A new bio-hybrid technology blends DNA with electronics, pointing toward faster, smarter, and more energy-efficient computing inspired by nature itself. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Grew Mini Brains, Then Trained Them to Solve an Engineering Problem)

DNA can be the next-generation data storage.

A DNA molecule can act as chemical data storage.  There are many ways to ensure that data storage remains “forever”. The system. It can use an enzymatic system. That stores signals straight into the DNA. This makes DNA easier and faster. To produce.  This system can also revolutionize the ability to create synthetic DNA for genetic engineering and gene therapies. 

The DNA molecule or its constituent particles can act as a data storage medium. The last one means that, for example, adenine and guanine can be read as zero and one. This is an easier way to accomplish that data storage than using the entire DNA. The synthetic DNA. It can store information in bacteria, and then those bacteria can transfer that information into the microchip. By using electric impulses or bioluminescent light. This means that those bacterial spores can be stored almost everywhere. And then, when the system needs that data, it can return it in active form. 

Another version is to use bacteria that create the neurotransmitters. And then receptors like mini brains can receive those neurotransmitters. In some ideas, the synthetic DNA transforms the first bacteria into neurons. And then that process forms mini brains.  There is also a possibility that the synthetic DNA transforms those bacteria into neurons. And those neurons’ memories will be transmitted into the microchips. The DNA-based data architecture. It is one of the newest things in the world. DNA can also be stored in polymers. 

Then the system removes polymers and replaces some natural cell genomes. That thing transforms those cells into new ones. There is a possibility that artificial viruses can be injected into the blood. And there. They transform some cells into data transmitters. And then those data transmitter cells transport information into the human brain. That can be a tool. For fast learning tools. That can someday help people. To recover from brain damage.  

Above: Mini-brains learning. The system can use regular hard disks to store information. 

Researchers made mini brains solve an engineering problem. 

Minibrains are cloned neurons that can act as a biological computer. The biological microprocessor can store information in regular hard disks. And they can interact with regular computers that deliver missions to those neurons. If it is someday possible to create mini-brains with long-term memory. That thing can make it possible to create. Next-generation treatment for brain damage. 

The mini brains can learn things. But they cannot store information. Researchers created mini brains. That solved engineering problems. The problem is that those mini-brains or cloned neurons couldn’t store information. Researchers created a system. That had the ability for short-term learning. The lack of memory cells could cause a situation where those mini-brains. They are not able. To have long-term memory. The fact is that. Those mini brains are cloned neurons. Those neurons were all similar. There are three major vertical layers. In the brain. Cerebral Cortex, mesencephalon “mid brain”, and corpus callosum. The short-term memories. They are in the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum is a horizontal neural formation behind the cerebrum (The big brain). 

The corpus callosum  operates. The DNA-based memory.  Those memories make sure. that we are afraid of things like snakes and spiders, even if nobody teaches that those creatures are dangerous. Also, cells in the spinal cord have a memory role. Those cells are the muscle memory cells that know what to do when our feet slip. 

There in the spinal cord is a system called the reticular formation. Or ARAS ( ascending reticular activating system). This system activates reflexes. The ARAS system involves neural tracks. Straight from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. And that activates reflexes. When we fall, we put out our hand. Tnto a certain position automatically. 

That system activates those instinctive actions when a human sees something that can be dangerous. The memories, like phobias that make us afraid of things like snakes and spiders, are in the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum’s brain cells. Involving memories. Those last over generations that are urgent for our species. Those cells can make it possible to create the mini-brains that have the ability to learn like humans. Actually, real brains have more than five types of neurons. Each brain area and layer has neurons. They have different missions. The memory cells involve different types of data. The data that humans use with outside actors. And other neurons act as routers. They know where they route information. 

The five main neuron types. By brain areas. There are also many subtypes of those neuron groups. Router neurons, sensor neurons, and memory neurons. 

1) Neurons that form the cerebral cortex. 

2) Neurons that form the cerebellum.

3) Neurons that form the corpus callosum. 

4) Spinal cord neurons. 

5) Neurons that form the mesencephalon. 

So researchers should make three mini brains. Each of the mini brains has one of those three cell types. And then they should put those three mini brains into a tower, which looks like a Big Mac hamburger. The point is that there must be. A pairless number of those neuron groups. That denies. The system. From getting stuck in an infinite loop. 

Maybe. Researchers should try. To create biological microprocessors by using a hamburger-shaped solution. The system could involve three “hamburger-mini brains”. 

The mini brains would be put. On a three-layer structure. The structure looks. A little bit like a Big Mac hamburger. The top layer is the cerebral cortex. The middle layer would act as the mesencephalon. And the bottom layer acts as the corpus callosum. The human memory acts like this. The cerebral cortex (the “brain shell”) sends information through the mesencephalon to the corpus callosum. Then the corpus callosum sends information back to the cerebral cortex. And in that process. The brain will choose information that it stores in long-term memory. The system involves three towers. And the last one acts in the same mission as the cerebellum. 

But there is another way to create a biological computer that solves problems. The mini-brains can be connected. With non-organic mass memory. Like a USB stick. The system reads information from those neurons as EEG curves. And stores it in the hard disk. This allows researchers to make mini brains where the organic part doesn’t store information. But the organic part processes information. And regular hard disks store that data. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-grew-mini-brains-then-trained-them-to-solve-an-engineering-problem

https://scitechdaily.com/dna-meets-electronics-scientists-create-ultra-low-power-memory-breakthrough/

https://scitechdaily.com/enzymatic-synthesis-our-dna-is-becoming-the-worlds-tiniest-hard-drive/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-technology-peers-at-the-electrical-signals-inside-cells-may-inspire-new-fields-of-research/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midbrain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_formation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

Innovation is not the end. It just changes its shape.

Does AI destroy program development? Or, does AI destroy innovation? That is a good question. We must realize that there is no endless need for computer software. Not even games have a space or markets in the endless innovation and new products. This means that there is not. A possibility to create new things endlessly. There is a point that we can call: the Omega point. There is no room to continue the R&D process on that path. This is one of the things that we must realize. The AI is a tool that can make many things faster than humans. 

Wikipedia determines innovation like this: “Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed entity. Realizing or redistributing values". (Wikipedia,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation)

Others have different definitions; a common element in the definitions is a focus on newness, improvement, and the spread of ideas or technologies.” (Wikipedia,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation)

Soo. If. We think about. In software development, humans are the things. That makes innovation. The economically successful innovation itself. Needs somebody interested in the product. But then we must realize. That. The innovation forms from an idea. Innovation requires an idea. And need impact.  If innovation and customer meet, and the customer feels the need for that thing. 

The innovation can turn economically profitable. But. If people think. That they don’t need some innovation, that destroys innovation. The fact is that we don’t need endlessly new software. And that is the thing that we must realize. If we make programs for the garbage, that is programming for nothing. If we work for nothing, that is a loss for the firms that we are working for. 

Programming and innovations are not over. But they get a new shape. Tomorrow, people will give. The requirements specification for AI. Which responds to those needs. And turn them into parameters. That allows it to make things. 

The purpose of the firm is simple. It must bring profit for its owners. This means that the programming is not an absolute value. There must be somebody who buys software. In modern firms. There are only a couple of people who really innovate the things that the firm sells. In games and other programs, the user interface and graphical design are important. And then the programmers must make the code. 

That is fit for those models. Most of the programs. Are games. And games. They look very much alike. Like each other. This means that. There is a question. Is there room for new ideas in the programming industry? And is it possible to create new ideas in that sector? The big thing is that. Customers care about whether the program works, not who made it. 

So, AI brings new things to the software industry. But. New things cannot be built on the old ones. The old models must someday be crushed. That brings space for new innovation. We must realize. That we cannot endlessly run. On the antique methods. And using antique production tools. The new tools bring effective methods. And the AI is a tool that can replace people who do mechanical work. Like copy-paste codes. And this means. The people who know what to do have a job. But. That causes loss to the trainees and junior coders. This means that the AI will do more. And more programming work in the future. This means programming is not over. But it gets a new shape. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation

AI-driven drones are coming.

R&D cycle in the drone ecosystem is faster than anyone believed. New and powerful microchips give flexibility. And the ability to run complex software. The complex software. It allows drones. To do complex things autonomously. The cloud-based system architecture is the thing. That allows drones. To share their calculation capacity and information over the entire drone swarm. This means that all drones can get the same information. The new drones can take commands. These are given. By using the spoken natural language. 

And that makes it easier to give commands to drones. Those drones can recognize their targets from images. And the flexible architecture makes it possible. Those operators. They can show targets on the screen. Drones can navigate to the target using camera images. Intelligent inertial. Or signals from other drones. Those drones can have a brain-mimicking way. To solve problems. In the future, those drones could also use cloned neurons in their microchips. 

Autonomous drone swarms can operate in a war zone. Or in the other planet’s atmosphere. They can search for people. And they can guide rescue teams. High-precision drones can build houses. But the same systems can also be used as ultra-advanced weapon systems. Drones can send information to the base. And when their battery runs empty. Those drones can attack enemies. The drone swarms can operate in the. Air or underwater. In some scenarios, places like the Kremlin can have drone defense. If there is a riot against people like Putin. They send those drones to eliminate that riot. And these types of visions make drones scary. 

The camera system can use a system called DSMAC. Digital Scene-matching area correlation. The navigation system uses aerial photos. Taken about its route. Then the AI compares the images the camera sends. That is stored in the memory of those drones. When those images are similar, the drone is on the right route. The system can use the same camera for navigation and target recognition. 

Advanced AI is the tool that makes drones. Avoid the defense. Or. Otherwise, the system allows drones to attack other drones. This makes those systems very flexible. 

The DNA-based mass memories are excellent tools for drone control. Those memories are high-capacity, low-voltage tools that can be used as drone control. The DNA-controlled nanomachines can act as artificial neurons. Those systems can control all types of drones. From pocket-sized quadcopters. To full-size robot combat aircraft. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/drones-no-gps-ai-navigation

https://www.neuromorphiccore.ai/drones-that-listen-think-and-conserve-with-brain-like-precision/

https://scitechdaily.com/dna-meets-electronics-scientists-create-ultra-low-power-memory-breakthrough/

https://www.unikie.com/service/autonomous-drone-swarms/

The problems with hypersonic flight can be solved. But it takes time.

Researchers face huge problems. With hypersonic weapon development. And. Hypersonic aircraft development is more difficult than hypersonic cruise missile development. Reusable hypersonic systems can turn many things faster and more dangerous than they are now. 

In normal cases, a hypersonic system can reach hypersonic speed only in high-flying conditions. The air must be thin enough that the temperature will not rise too high. The hypersonic aircraft travels in very thin air. The aircraft must have a system that prevents the body from overheating. One of the things. What can solve that problem is the wires or antennas, which can transport heat out from the hypersonic body. 

The antenna. That is behind the aircraft. It can help to stabilize the temperature. This thing. It is. To use the high-temperature ceramic shell, which chemically bonds to the titanium-wolfram-chromium metal composite. These kinds of materials. They are very resistant to high temperatures and pressure. Another thing is the stealth technology that the aircraft should use. That it survives the missions. A big problem. With hypersonic warheads like the Russian Avangard, is that. In high-speed flight, plasma. Covers those warheads. That plasma always acts in the same way. It causes the radio blackout. When a spacecraft travels through the ionosphere. And hypersonic aircraft travel in the ionosphere. 

The plasma makes it hard to detect those warheads or hypersonic aircraft. Making them invisible to radars. But. The same system denies those aircraft . And missiles to use radars. And other radio wave-based communication. Radio waves cannot travel through that plasma. But. The system can. Use a magnetic field to push that plasma away from the aircraft. The system can push air away from the aircraft body. Making the air thinner decreases friction. There is also a possibility that the aircraft uses lasers to create the plasma shield. The stealth system must use nano-lasers to create. The plasma. By ionizing air using those lasers. 

The plasma stealth or plasma shield requires. The system uses lidars. And optical-AI-based systems to search and intercept targets. The hypersonic system can use lasers. To create the bubble, the air is thinner. And that allows researchers to reach hypersonic speeds in lower altitudes. The fact is that hypersonic missiles can be used. The kinetic energy impacts the target. This system requires highly accurate target recognition and an attack system. 

This system cannot use radars to search for targets. And that means those hypersonic systems are hard to use nuclear detonators. Those systems use inertial navigation for starting navigation. Then the missile starts. To corner the target. At this point. It requires. Some kind of radar image. It can be used for high-accuracy operation. The problem is that the radar signal doesn’t pass the plasma layer. And that denies the use of radio transmitters that drones can attach to the roofs. The hypersonic system must slow its speed so that it can use the radar to search for targets. 

https://www.imeche.org/news/news-article/engineers-face-extreme-hurdles-as-hypersonic-weapon-development-accelerates

 https://interestingengineering.com/space/varda-space-flies-hypersonic-system

https://news.usni.org/2021/06/14/mda-u-s-aircraft-carriers-now-at-risk-from-hypersonic-missiles

New engines accelerate aircraft and missiles to hypersonic speed.

China tests a new engine that accelerates jet aircraft and missiles to speeds exceeding Mach 6. The thing that makes this engine remarkable is that it’s air-breathing. Air-breathing hypersonic engines enable the creation of lighter systems with longer flight times. The air-breathing hypersonic aircraft or missile can fly at high altitudes. Those systems fly higher than regular aircraft but lower than satellites. And the thing that makes hypersonic systems have that ability is that they fly so fast. The high-speed flight squeezes air into the air inlet. 

And. That makes it possible. To create a system that flies at very high altitudes. A big problem. With  hypersonic engines, there are their compressors. Will not work at hypersonic speeds. The centripetal force destroys the compressor. So, the system needs an engine. That doesn’t need moving parts. The answer to that problem is the ramjet engine. The ramjet engine doesn’t use moving parts. The engine itself is the tube, where the airflow creates the pressure that starts the combustion.  Normally, ramjet-driven systems are launched by using rockets. Or they are dropped from aircraft. And the rocket accelerates them to a speed that allows the ramjet or scramjet engine to start. 

The scramjet engine is the engine that starts at Mach 6-8. And that hypersonic amjet is made for the speed. Those are beyond the ramjet operational top speed. There is a possibility that scramjet-driven systems. Like Boeing X-51 Waverider. It can be shot to a ballistic trajectory. Then the system dives back. Into the atmosphere, and the scramjet breathes air. This allows. For making Mach 12-capable hypersonic cruise missiles. The hypersonic aircraft can also send satellites. To an Earth orbiter. They can make the ballistic jump out of the atmosphere. And then they can launch satellite carriers. Those systems can also act as space fighters. 

Boeing X-51 Waverider under B-52 Stratofortress. 

“Schematic diagram showing the operation of a centrifugal flow turbojet engine. The compressor is driven by the turbine stage and throws the air outwards, requiring it to be redirected parallel to the axis of thrust.” (Wikipedia, Turbojet)

“Diagram of a valved pulsejet. 1 - Air enters through the valve and is mixed with fuel. 2 - The mixture is ignited, expands, closes the valve, and exits through the tailpipe, creating thrust. 3 - Low pressure in the engine opens the valve and draws in air.” (Wikipedia, Pulsejet)

“Simple ramjet operation, with Mach numbers of flow shown” (Wikipedia, Ramjet)

“Diagram of principle of operation of a scramjet engine.” (Wikipedia, Scramjet)

Ramjets have been used for a long time in air-defense missiles. The problem is that the ramjet cannot be started. Before the aircraft flies at a speed of Mach 1. The answer to the problem . It can be the system that uses the regular turbojets for lift-off and acceleration. When an aircraft reaches Mach 1, the fuel injection to the ramjet starts. And then the aircraft can fly at a speed. That is about Mach 6. Another version could be the pulsejet. The pulsejet or flap engine was developed for Germany’s V-1 “Flying bomb” during WW2. The system closes the flap in the front of the engine. Then the fuel. It will be injected into the combustion chamber. And then the system injects the fuel. When the pulsejet needs air, it opens the front valve. 

And then the fuel injection starts in the combustion chamber. And then that system ignites the fuel-air mixture. The pulse-ramjet is a pulsejet that is formulated. As a ramjet engine. The system can use a compressor. That is the side of the engine. The compressor. It puts air. In the ramjet. The compressor system can transfer air to the ramjet. Before it reaches a speed of Mach 1. Then the system opens the front hatch. And let the air come into the combustion chamber. In rocket pulse-ramjets, the system can accelerate the aircrat to a speed of Mach 6. 

That is the limit for the ramject engine. Then the system closes the front hatch and uses internal oxygen. That turns the pulse ramjet into a rocket engine. That allows the system to fly outside the atmosphere. Or it can accelerate. It into. Speed about Mach 8. That is the limit for the scramjet engine start. The scramjet engine makes it possible. To create aircraft and missiles that can travel over Mach 8. The high-speed flight must be done. In extremely high altitudes. Friction in the air is extreme. So the aircraft must fly almost in space. 

https://www.afmc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/153475/x-51a-waverider-achieves-history-in-final-flight/

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/invisible-to-radars-is-us-air-force-set/

https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-engine-mach-6-speeds

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_X-51_Waverider

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsejet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojet

The Chinese military introduces a new pack of robots.

 

The Chinese military will get multiple types of robots. That can act as an entity. Those drone packs can include different sizes of quadcopters, human-shaped robots, and dog-shaped robots. And maybe robot vehicles. Those vehicles can act as transporters, or they can be used as intelligent car bombs. The robot boats also include those Chinese systems. The robot dog can search for things. Like mines and other explosives from underground. It can have ultrasound sonar-based tools. That makes the enemy unable to operate. The robot dog can have internal explosives. The drone dog can carry machine guns and grenade launchers. And those systems can be more versatile than anyone expected. 

The 3D printer systems that can operate from containers or ships can make those systems more effective. The 3D printers and versatile carrier systems. Allow the system to create customized drones and robots for every situation. In some scenarios, the stealth fighters or even intercontinental ballistic missiles can carry drone swarms and individual drones to some areas. In some scenarios, the agent sends a drone to the target. 

The incoming missile. Starts to use its target recognition radar. That radar can activate the transponder. The missile can use that drone as a target pointer. The stealth aircraft can also drop a drone with a laser pointer into the operational area. The drone can point targets for laser-guided rockets. 

Those robot vehicles can also carry multiple different types of robots to the battlefield and beyond. Cargo planes can carry those robots to the operational area. And. They can do many missions in that area. Robots can be very quiet if they use fuel cells as an energy source. The robot. It can use hydrocarbons. Like ethanol as a fuel for those fuel cells. The fact is this. The robots have no precise shape. And this means that. Those systems can use biomimicking technology. 

That means. Those systems can mimic animals. The animal-shaped robots can be tools that can turn this technology more devastating than ever. The kamikaze drone. That mimics some birds is a very dangerous tool. 

Every type of those robots can be a kamikaze robot that carries internal explosives. But. The same robot can also carry things. Like bazookas and anti-tank missiles. That makes them deadly tools. So those kamikaze-robots can also carry subammunition that they can use to open a path to the target. 

The thing that makes drones more versatile than missiles is this. They can also use intelligence and reconnaissance operations. On the battlefield, those robots can collect data about targets. And when their fuel is ended. Those systems can start to search for targets. The long-range Geran-3 or Shehed-type drones can also collect information about the hostile areas. They can drop quadcopters with laser microphones on their route. Those systems can give very accurate information about the opponent. 

The drone can also make. The same reconnaissance missions as the full-size reconnaissance aircraft. Modern optics. Radio receivers. Computers. And AI-aided image processing  and data processing make it possible to use small-sized drones for reconnaissance and intelligence operations. 

https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/chinese-military-reveals-drone-wolf-pack-capable-of-swarm-operations-robot-dogs-can-be-equipped-with-grenade-launchers-and-machine-guns-for-urban-combat

A tornado of light. Or. Optical makes the quantum internet closer.

  

If researchers want to create a quantum internet. They must protect information. In a quantum internet, information travels between superpositioned and entangled particles. But. For making that thing in real life, the system must have the ability to create a quantum channel through the air. Otherwise, the system must use nanotubes to create the channel. But. If the system can make the channel through the air, that turns the system itself more flexible than carbon nanotubes. The ability to remove magnetic fields, molecules, and radiation from the channel. That which travels through the air makes it possible to create the channel that allows quantum entanglement. To transmit information through it. 

Researchers created a spiral light. Today. Those spiral light formations are possible only on a microscopic scale. But if that technology turns more advanced. That system can be useful in a quantum network system. On the microscopic scale, the system can transmit information in photonic microchips. But in the long-range quantum network, information can travel through microscopic quantum channels. 

And that can turn many things. Like, long-range quantum communication into reality. The system makes. The spiral light, or light tornado. That can make it possible to create an electromagnetic wormhole through air. The system. It can use a spinning nanotube. And nano-technical lasers. The system could also trap a photon to orbit some object. And then the system makes the light-acoustic tornado through the air. The light tornado protects information that travels inside it. The light tornado makes it possible. To create a long-range quantum entanglement through that channel. This kind of optical system can make information transportation more secure than ever. 

But those kinds of channels make other things possible. Those systems can create a channel that allows particles to travel through the air. These kinds of systems can make things like ion cannons and antimatter-ion beams possible. Antimatter particles can be shot by using normal ion cannons. The main challenge is how to prevent. Those antimatter particles. From touching air. During their travel to the target. The antimatter beam could be possible. If. Something denies antimatter particles. Touch with material particles. If that thing is possible to deny the system, it can shoot antimatter particles through that channel.

https://interestingengineering.com/science/tornado-of-light 

https://scitechdaily.com/optical-rotatum-harvard-scientists-discover-new-structure-of-light/

New autonomous task units are entering service.

"The deal will create much-needed competition for the Department of War acquisition process. (Representational image)" (Interesting Engineering)

The U.S. Navy has a 200-foot-long (approximately 61 m) autonomous surface vehicle that can advance its combat capacity. The large sea drones. They can carry large and flexible computer systems that can allow them to operate independently.  Those computers can run complicated and effective algorithms. And those systems can operate as independent kamikaze-drones. Robot missile boats and a platform for flying drones. Those systems can be dangerous to all other vehicles. And they might also have a role as cargo systems. The system is basically similar to the Ukrainian Sea Baby drone, which successfully operated in Simferopol harbour. 

There is also a possibility that those large robot vehicles can act as development platforms for larger and more sophisticated systems. The sea drone, like autonomous surface vehicles (ASV) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), can have an unlimited operational range. If those systems use a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) that gives electricity to the electric engines. This gives the system virtually unlimited operational range. There is a possibility that things like Orca-class drones can have that kind of propulsion system. 

"Multi Mission Uncrewed Surface Vessel." (Interesting Engineering)

The first hydrogen-powered drones are operating in Ukraine. And they seem promising. Those drones use fuel cells. And the thing. That makes them interesting. It is because. Hydrogen. It is easy to produce. Using electrolysis. 

If we think about. The larger underwater and surface drones use radioisotope batteries. That can be connected. Into a series. As chemical batteries. Those systems can operate theoretically indefinitely. There is possiblity that those drones carry sub-drones that can use hydrogen as fuel. That means that those drones can create. The hydrogen for those flying or underwater swarming drones. By using electrolysis. There is also a possibility. That, quite soon, we will see full-size submarine drones. They might carry supercomputers for running algorithms. The large size, nuclear-powered drone can operate in the same missions as a manned submarine. 

Those drones can operate on hydrogen-powered versions of the Shahed drones or their jet-powered variants. The drone can use hydrogen in the fuel cell. Or it can use hydrogen-powered ramjet engines. In that case, the hypersonic drone or missile must be launched. From the platform, using a rocket, which accelerates the drone to a speed of about Mach 1.

And of course, hydrogen can be used as fuel for the regular piston engines. But, if the thing. Like. An aircraft carrier can have hydrogen-powered aircraft or an air wing. It can create hydrogen from water. By using electrolysis. That gives unlimited operational capacity to those aircraft. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/unmanned-ships-with-most-advanced-autonomy-us

https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-uncrewed-surface-vessel-warfare-power

https://interestingengineering.com/videos/this-drone-runs-on-hydrogen-and-its-fighting-in-donbas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_underwater_vehicle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Shark_(submarine)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JARI_USV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_surface_vehicle