The new fusion system is always fundamental. But the problem is that nobody has experience with fusion reactors.

The new fusion system is always fundamental. But the problem is that nobody has experience with fusion reactors. 

Fusion systems are good-looking things. Always when the new fusion test system is coming to the publicity. They are promising a big advantage. But then the systems are left without a final breakthrough. The self-sustaining fusion reaction has not been successful. 

The problem is that the temperature of the system is so high. And the magnets that are keeping the plasma levitating turning hot. The magnets are pressing plasma to high pressure. And microwave and laser systems are stressing it.

The problem with the fusion reactor is that. The pressure in the reactor is lower than in the nucleus of the Sun. So the lower pressure must compensate by raising the temperature of the fuel higher than the nucleus of the Sun. And that thing is the problem. The structures of the reactor are facing extreme thermal stress. 

The fusion system bases the idea of the torus-shaped reactor or accelerator where the plasma is hovering without contact with the wall of the system. If the plasma will contact the wall that thing melts the reactor right away. The fusion reactor is not itself make radioactive material. But the problem is that the high-temperature plasma would destroy if its leaks outside the reactor chamber. 

The fusion system is the most promising of the futuristic systems. Fusion energy is used in hydrogen bombs. But the commercial and peaceful use of this energy source is not successful. Fusion requires so much energy. That in weapons it is normally made by using the fission bomb.

But in fusion reactors. There is needed some other system that ignites the fuel. The laser rays or microwaves are the most promising things along with ionized fuel. In ionized reactors, two different polar rays will put to travel in opposite directions. The friction will raise the temperature along with electromagnetic stress to the levels that make the fusion possible.  

In some visions, the sodium and chloride ions that are forming salt in nature. Would put to impact in the reactor chamber. In that process, those ions are sprayed into the reactor chamber. By using particle accelerators. And then to those ions will stress the high-power laser and microwave radiation. In that process, the system would melt those atoms together and make the hot sodium-chlorine process. But normally the particles that are impacting in fusion reactors are lighter. 

Fusion energy is promising. But nobody knows when the first commercial reactors are starting to produce electricity. 

While we are waiting for fusion energy we should think about the latest fission technology. In some visions, the fission reactors of the future use thorium-based fuel. They would have a modular structure which means the single reactor units are smaller. But there are more nuclear reactors in the plant. And those systems would be underground which protects them against things like terror strikes. 

And that's why the people who are making decisions about energy strategies should invest also in things like thorium-fission reactors and a new type of location of nuclear reactors. In the new visions, the nuclear reactors will bury kilometers depth underground to the artificial caves. That thing would make them safer. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/nuclear-fusion-reactor/