The BAE's solar power military drone: Called the Phasa-35 can replace geostationary satellites.

   The BAE's solar power military drone: Called the Phasa-35 can replace geostationary satellites. 

Phasa-35-drone is one of the HASPs or (High-Altitude Pseudo Satellites). Most of those drones are solar-powered aircraft that use small electric engines. Those high-flying pseudo-satellites can replace orbital satellites at least in AWAC (Aiborne Warning and Control) and airborne observation systems. The typical HASP is a system that uses solar power in the daytime. And night time the system uses batteries. 

The high-flying solar-powered aircraft might look slow. But that kind of aircraft can control areas and make ELINT and other kinds of missions like in civil and military sectors. Those high-flying aircraft can use low-observable technology like stealth materials and intelligent, AI-based jammer systems. They can equipped with lidars, radars, and laser pointers that can point targets from the ground. The high-flying solar power aircraft can offer radar- and radio communication over selected areas. 

The solar-powered drone can get electricity from laser systems. The Humwee-based 10 Kw laser can deliver electricity for those HASPs. But same way things like radio masers can deliver energy to those high-flying platforms. The thing is that the ion-based stealth technology can make those systems survive.

The HASP can also act as a laser platform that points to the targets from the battlefield. And the laser or microwave-based EMP weapon can stop the incoming missiles. The laser weapon that hangs over the battlefield can drop low- and medium-altitude aircraft or drones. That kind of system can be a powerful tool. 

The fact is that the HASP system can be hypersonic if it uses the right propulsion. The electric jet engines or nuclear power can make HASPs more powerful than their creators ever imagined. 

However, the HASP can also use RTG (radioisotope thermoelectric generators). That makes it possible to travel at nighttime. The engineers can mount the RTG system in smaller drones like Predators. The RTG can rotate the same electric engines with solar power systems. 

In some visions, very large drones can use full-scale SMR (Small modular reactors). Those portable modular nuclear reactors or microreactors can give 20 kW power output for their electric power. In some visions. The idea of those high-altitude drones is taken from Convair NB-36H nuclear-powered strategic bomber. The modern systems are more capable than those 1950's systems. Those systems can use electric jet engines for traveling. And they can be highly supersonic stealth bombers or even space planes that can operate either atmosphere or orbital trajectories. 

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/fb-5686833/WHAT-PHASA-35-SOLAR-POWERED-DRONES-KEY-STATS.html

https://interestingengineering.com/military/bae-drone-replace-geostationary-satellites

https://www.reuters.com/world/us/westinghouse-unveils-small-modular-nuclear-reactor-2023-05-04/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_modular_reactor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_NB-36H

The new types of engines use cold atoms to make electricity.

 The new types of engines use cold atoms to make electricity. 

The new piston engine creates energy from ultra-cold atoms. The idea is that those ultra-cold atoms will be injected into the chamber. There the explosion of the ultra-cold atoms moves the piston. 

The new type of engine creates energy from ultra-cold atoms. The engine benefits energy flow between objects in different energy levels. The energy always flows from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. 

The first Stirling engines used hot air. The design of that engine is from the 19th century. Then the steam and combustion engines replaced that system. The Stirling engines can use solar power for making needed thermodifference. And that thing makes them promising tools for green engineering. 

But basically, engineers can make the same eff by using a room temperature system. And on the other side will be a box, filled with a block of extremely ice. In that engine the air flow is important. And the thing that makes this airflow is the difference in temperatures on both sides of the engine. 

The most interesting version of the Stirling engine is the Stirling turbine, where pistons are replaced by turbine. As I just wrote those systems benefit airflow between two different temperature levels. The system is the pressure-version of the systems that benefit electron or radio wave flow between energy layers. 

The engines that benefit from this energy flow are called Striling or Coulomb engines. 

Does the engine be a Stirling or Coulomb engine, depends on this: Do those engines use gas flow or electromagnetic flow where things like electrons travel between two layers with different energy levels or different electronegativity? In some versions of the Coulomb engine, the proton cloud or some other positive ion group is on the other side of the tube. 

The Coulomb engine uses electromagnetic flow or electron (or proton) flow for making energy. There are two versions of the Coulomb engine. The first version uses electron flow etc. The second version uses the Coulomb effect or "dam effect". 

Diagram the Piston-Stiling engine. (Wikipedia/Stirling engine). In Stirling turbine the gas flow travels in tube. And then that gas flow rotates the flywheel. 

"Alpha-type Stirling engine. There are two cylinders. The expansion cylinder (red) is maintained at a high temperature while the compression cylinder (blue) is cooled. The passage between the two cylinders contains the regenerator" (Wikipedia,Stirling engine)

"Beta-type Stirling engine, with only one cylinder, hot at one end and cold at the other. A loose-fitting displacer shunts the air between the hot and cold ends of the cylinder. A power piston at the open end of the cylinder drives the flywheel. (Wikipedia/Stirling engine)

"Cutaway of the flat Stirling engine: 10: Hot cylinder. 11: A volume of hot cylinder. 12: B volume of hot cylinder. 17: Warm piston diaphragm. 18: Heating medium. 19: Piston rod. 20: Cold cylinder. 21: A Volume of cold cylinder. 22: B Volume of cold cylinder. 27: Cold piston diaphragm. 28: Coolant medium. 30: Working cylinder. 31: A volume of working cylinder. 32: B volume of working cylinder. 37: Working piston diaphragm. 41: Regenerator mass of A volume. 42: Regenerator mass of B volume. 48: Heat accumulator. 50: Thermal insulation. 60: Generator. 63: Magnetic circuit. 64: Electrical winding. 70: Channel connecting warm and working cylinders." (Wikipedia/Stirling engine)

When electric flow faces a resistor it will pack energy at the front of it. That energy packing and energy level continues rising until the energy can travel through that resistor. That thing is possible by using natural radio fields. But that requires a situation where the energy level rises high enough. Or the system uses components that are using very low energy. The superconducting systems can make this system possible. 

The idea is that radio waves are transmitted between two layers. Those layers will collect that wave movement between them. Then the system puts the antenna in those standing waves and pulls them to an electric circuit. 

The Stirling engine uses gas flow to make energy. Modern submarines use Stirling engines. But the reason why that engine type is not so popular or why piston engines replaced that engine is keeping the other side of the engine cooler is difficult without good coolers. 

The thing that moves in the tube determines if the engine is the Stirling or Coulomb engine. 

And then the other side is loaded with anions. The electrons should travel from anions to ions and the antenna in the middle of the tube can use that electron flow as an energy source. A Stirling engine is a system or tube where another side's temperature is at a lower level than the other. 

And that thing causes gas flow to the cooler side. The difference between energy levels between the sides of the Coulomb and Stirling engines determines how fast energy flows. And that determines the power of those systems.  

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2394278-quantum-engine-could-power-devices-with-an-ultracold-atom-cloud/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-independent_propulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine

A liquid computer based on DNA can be one of the most promising tools for computing.

 A liquid computer based on DNA can be one of the most promising tools for computing. 

The multitask means the ability to drive multiple programs at the same time. And if the DNA-based computer can drive 10 billion programs at the same time it can operate multiple variables at the same time. Multitasking processors make control of large drone swarms and other large-size systems effective. If multitasking processors control drone swarms they can reserve one room for each drone. 

DNA-based computers are one of the solutions that can run complicated AI software. One of the biggest problems with AI and compact robots is that the complicated AI-based software that controls robots requires powerful computers. Powerful computers require lots of power. The power source is hard to fit into the compact robot's body. The quantum computers that can theoretically be the atom size can be the answer, but the problem is how to make those atom-size quantum computers operate with robot bodies. 

"Computing functions were matched to DNA molecules in a test tube. (Lv et al., Nature, 2023)" (ScienceAlert.com/Liquid Computer Made From DNA Comprises Billions of Circuits)

The answer could be the DNA computer. Researchers made a liquid computer that uses DNA molecules for computing. The DNA- -based computers can drive 10 billion programs at the same time. And that makes these kinds of computers very interesting tools that can control large-size drone swarms. In those models, the DNA computers can handle every drone in drone swarms as one computer program. That allows the DNA-based system can control multiple drones at the same time. 

Multitasking computers are one of the tools that can drive large entireties. When microprocessors multitask they reserve space or room for each task that they make. The number of rooms the multitasking processor can reserve determines the number of actions that the processor can make same time. And that thing is one of the most important things when microprocessors control things like drone swarms. The ability to control multiple tasks at the same time increases the computer's ability to synchronize the actions of the multiple actors in the entirety. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/liquid-computer-made-from-dna-comprises-billions-of-circuits

Dark energy is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe.

   Dark energy is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe. 

Dark energy is roughly 68% of the universe. The source of dark energy is unknown. Some researchers believe that black holes are the source of that unknown wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. The idea of this theory is that the universe is full of black holes. Some of them are smaller than atoms. Every black hole is the tube or tunnel between the third and fourth dimensions. 

The dark energy would be energy, that falls from the fourth dimension into the third dimension (or dimension where we live) through black holes. When material falls in a black hole, it interacts with energy that falls from the fourth dimension or the energy level that is so high, that material cannot interact with so high-energy material. 

Black holes can cause a situation where the energy level in a material rises so high that it loses its ability to interact with other particles. If we look at image 2, the droplet that is separated from the statue is the dimension or material whose energy level is so high that it cannot interact with other materials. For making the interaction between that bubble that symbolizes the fourth dimension and the 3D material the material must form the statue that connects the 4D energy level and 3D energy levels.

If we want to model the supernova explosion as a 2D layer we can use water and droplets that hit water the model how energy interacts in black holes. The reason why it's so difficult to model black holes and supernovas is simple. We cannot model a pothole that is a ball and hovers in the air. 

The supernova explosion is like a stone or droplet that impacts water. When that stone hits water it makes a pothole in it. Then water fills that pothole impacts the point of that pothole and forms a statue. Energy- and quantum fields interact in the same way. When a supernova explosion happens it pushes quantum fields away.  

Then the quantum fields fall into that pothole they are forming energy statues or energy pillars. If the energy pillar's energy level is high enough it forms the channel to the fourth dimension. So the energy that falls from the fourth dimension to the third dimension keeps that channel open or energy statue in its form. 

The fourth dimension is the energy level. And that means when the energy level of the material rises high enough, that thing forms a situation where particles are rising out from the third dimension. That thing forms a hole in dimension. 

The thing that makes black holes black is the extremely powerful gravitational field. But how black hole can send radiation and pull particles in it? The fact is that an extremely powerful gravitational field is the result of time dilation. The black hole travels in time. The energy statue that is so high that its top cannot interact with 3D material travels back in time. That means there is a hole in the dimension. Time travels backward in a black hole because its escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

Does the AI take jobs from programmers?

    Does the AI take jobs from programmers? 

Before we start to discuss topics: Will the AI take jobs from programmers? We must realize that the AI will not do any work for humans. Even if AI is an excellent tool for programming the human operators must check the code. 

Things like Chat GPT and Bing could be excellent programming tools but their limits are this. They need a very complicated and precise description of what the user wants. And that is quite hard to make without knowledge of programming. Without precise and clear orders the AI cannot create the code from public databases. 

So again: Does the AI take jobs from programmers? 

The answer is yes and no. If the AI makes the computer programs, it requires very accurate orders. And people who give orders for the AI must understand something about programming. When we think about public AIs like Bing and Chat GPT they can make effective complicated code structures. 

Those code structures are easy to modify from the trunk where the databases are not yet named. And paths are missing. If the user of those AIs knows about programming that makes that person's work easier. 

However, the user of those AIs must make some changes to the code, so that the system can turn it into computer programs. Things like database paths are things, that must be correct and if those things are not right that application will work. 

The AI is the next-generation tool for programming, and the AI-based software takes programming into the next generation. Next-generation programming is more like writing an essay or using spoken languages than the symbol function that modern programming languages use. Programming is the thing that requires development. 

The basic requirement for programming AI is the interactive mode. The interactive mode discusses with programmers. It makes the process easier than modern AI where the user must give all parameters and instructions before the AI starts to make its duty. Before interactive AI starts operation, it asks for the product description. But then it keeps in contact with customers during the entire process. The interactive mode is the tool that makes AI even more effective than it is today. 

The next-generation AI can accept symbols (like ">>" in C++), but it can also accept descriptions. If the user says that the needed database names are "A.SQL" and "B.SQL" the AI-based system must have access to a computer. The AI-based system needs authorization so that the AI can find the right route to the index where those files are. 

So can AI create successful computer programs? The fact is that. If we want to make AI-based programming tools, we must realize that there are multiple variables that we must remember. 

AI-based programming requires an interactive ability with a special user interface where the necessary variables are listed, and where the user can describe the program's purpose. The common AI can make computer programs, but that requires so complicated description that it's hard to make. 

The interactive AI will make the program with the programmer. The system asks the purpose of the program. When AI finishes some part of the process, interactive AI asks if the program is nice. And does it pleasure the user?

 Constructing the software is a thing that requires more limited but same time more advanced AI than modern AIs are. The interactive function is the tool that makes AI an effective tool for making software. But without that ability making the program using AI is very hard. 

https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-coding-software-crisis/

Could the mysterious RNA circles produced in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases be the key to those symptoms?

 Could the mysterious RNA circles produced in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases be the key to those symptoms? 

The RNA circle acts like a computer program's loop when it travels through a cell organ without the ability to separate itself from that organ. The cell organ continues that process until the RNA circle is removed from that cell organ. And if that RNA circle does not remove its touch, it damages the cell organ. 

The cell uses RNA molecules to control it's organs. When RNA circle travels through a cell organelle or cell organ it controls the actions of that thing. If a circle-looking RNA molecule travels through a cell organ without the ability to separate itself it keeps the cell organ busy. When a circle-looking RNA molecule travels through cell organs it acts like a computer program's loop. That RNA circle is the thing that keeps the cell organ busy, and it doesn't have time to do anything else. 

"Researchers have identified over 11,000 circRNAs in brain cells linked to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. These circRNAs may offer insights into the diseases’ molecular foundations and have potential applications as biomarkers and in RNA-based treatments." (ScitechDaily.com/Brain’s Hidden “Junk” – Mysterious RNA Circles Produced by Cells Damaged in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease)

The mysterious RNA circles that form in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's can be the thing that damages those neurons. The RNA molecule is the element that the cell uses in its internal communication. Or those RNA molecules are tools, that cells use to control its cell organs. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's isolate the neurons from each other. When a neuron sends a signal or neurotransmitters over synopsis it needs the signal that tells that signal reached the receiving neuron. And if that echo is not coming the neuron sends that signal again. 

If the neuron doesn't get feedback it increases the transmitting power. That thing causes a situation where neurons must create RNA. The plaque between neurons prevents neurotransmitters from traveling through the hole between neurons. When a neuron creates the RNA molecules that adjust its transmitting power to a higher level and it will not get feedback, those RNA molecules cause a situation, called a "loop". 

When the entire neuron is full of RNA molecules neuron has no time to make anything else than raise its transmitting power. That causes a situation where energy production in mitochondria must also rise. And finally, that thing fills the cell with metabolism products. Also when mitochondria rise it's power it raises the temperature in neurons. And that affects the amino acids' functions. Then sooner or later that situation causes damage in the cell. And finally, the neuron dies. 

https://scitechdaily.com/brains-hidden-junk-mysterious-rna-circles-produced-by-cells-damaged-in-parkinsons-and-alzheimers-disease/

MIT introduces pathfinder technology in underwater communication.

 MIT introduces pathfinder technology in underwater communication. 

Acoustic communication that uses coherent sound waves is not a new thing. Submarines have used that technology for years. The idea is that, if the system communicates with coherent acoustic beams, outside observers cannot hear that sound. Also, coherent, mono-frequent systems can communicate through longer distances, if researchers can find the frequency where there are no other disturbing sound effects. Those silent frequencies exist in acoustics as well they exist in electromagnetism. 

There are many versions of acoustic communication systems. Some of them use chemical batteries, and some others use systems that deliver electricity when they react with sodium that is in seawater. In some versions, the system uses a vertical tube. When water travels through that tube it rotates dynamo. The  MIT system uses piezo-electric crystals that deliver energy when pressure impulses hit them. 

"MIT’s breakthrough underwater communication system uses minimal power to transmit signals over kilometer-scale distances. Leveraging underwater backscatter and innovative design principles, the technology has potential applications in aquaculture, climate modeling, and hurricane prediction". (ScitechDaily.com/Submerged Signals: MIT Unveils Pioneering Development in Underwater Communication Technology)

"The device is an array of piezoelectric transducers that enables battery-free underwater communication. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers." (ScitechDaily.com/Submerged Signals: MIT Unveils Pioneering Development in Underwater Communication Technology)

That ability makes it possible to make a system where the receiver transforms acoustic signals into electricity very effectively. Also, regular receivers transform acoustic signals into electricity. But those piezo-electric crystals can send electricity to miniaturized microchips. 

The MIT researchers created a system that uses very low power. The idea is to benefit piezo-electric crystals for power sources in low-power-long-distance communication. The low-power acoustic communication can used in underwater sensors. The piezo-electric crystals can be used in the receiver and transmitter's power source. When an acoustic signal hits those piezo-electric crystals they deliver electric impulses. 

The low-power communication system can be a solid tube, or it can look like a tube, made of chicken coop. The leader transmitter can be in the middle of the bottom of that system. And the side transmitters that send soundwaves to that standing wave can be at the sides of the structure. The piezo-crystals can also give electricity to miniature sensor systems that are integrated with loudspeakers. That system can look like carbage, and it can collect information from hostile naval bases. 

https://scitechdaily.com/submerged-signals-mit-unveils-pioneering-development-in-underwater-communication-technology/

The WLAN can turn to radar that sees through walls.

The WLAN can turn to radar that sees through walls. 

There are two versions of radars. The regular radars that radio pulses reflect from surfaces. And that thing makes radar possible to see targets through the clouds and fog. That is regular scanning radar. Another version of radars is the "X-ray radar". The "X-ray radar" uses radio waves similar way as X-ray systems use X-rays. The radio transmitter can be on another side of the house. 

Then the system transmits radio waves that travel through the house. The receiver is on the opposite side of the target. So this kind of thing can be the radio-frequency X-ray machine. This kind of system works with extremely high accuracy. If we think about texts on paper. The reason why that radar system can read it is that ink is a different material than paper. 

The system uses the differences in thickness of ink and paper. The same system can read files from the computer's screen. The reason for that is that the energy level in the air that is in front of the screen is lower in the points of black letters. If the system is accurate enough, that thing is possible. That thing allows those systems to read things without disturbing targets at all. 

The WLAN system makes it possible to create a system that can be used in this role. The WLAN signals are also radio signals. The radar system can use those signals to detect things like hidden weapons in the house. That kind of mission is impressive. And this kind of system can be the next-generation world for the military. 

https://www.tomshardware.com/news/demo-shows-how-wi-fi-can-read-through-walls

The SLAC National Acceleration Laboratory created the most powerful X-ray laser.

 The SLAC National Acceleration Laboratory created the most powerful X-ray laser. 

Researchers are developing X-ray lasers because they offer new abilities for information, weapons, and material research. In communication tools X-ray lasers can use technology where the system sends highly accurate X-ray impulses to the two receivers. When the X-ray beam hits receiver A it gives a value of 1 (one). And when the X-ray beam hits receiver B the value could be zero (0). 

That kind of system requires AI-based kernels. But X-ray systems can communicate through walls. And that radiation is very hard to capture. So X-ray lasers provide a new and secure communication tool and they also can be used in photonic computing. The problem is that there are no mirrors that can reflect X-rays, and that makes X-ray lasers hard to develop. 

"The newly upgraded Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory successfully produced its first X-rays. The upgrade, called LCLS-II, creates unparalleled capabilities that will usher in a new era in research with X-rays. Credit: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory"(ScitechDaily.com/A New Era of Atomic Science: SLAC Fires Up the World’s Most Powerful X-Ray Laser)

"The linac is equipped with two world-class helium cryoplants. One of these cryoplants, built specifically for LCLS ( Linac Coherent Light Source)-II, cools helium gas from room temperature all the way down to its liquid phase at just a few degrees above absolute zero, providing the coolant for the accelerator. Credit: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory" (ScitechDaily.com/A New Era of Atomic Science: SLAC Fires Up the World’s Most Powerful X-Ray Laser)

"Cutaway image of a cryomodule. Each large metal cylinder contains layers of insulation and cooling equipment, in addition to the cavities that will accelerate electrons. The cryomodules are fed liquid helium from an aboveground cooling plant. Microwaves reach the cryomodules through waveguides connected to a system of solid-state amplifiers. Credit: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory" (ScitechDaily.com/A New Era of Atomic Science: SLAC Fires Up the World’s Most Powerful X-Ray Laser)

The most powerful X-ray laser is starting its actions. The system called Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the free-electron X-ray laser that can make coherent X-ray impulses. Those high-accurate impulses can be used to research atoms and make high-accurate R&D work with fundamental materials. 

The system can send millions of X-ray flashes in seconds. And that makes it possible to use that system in X-ray-based rapatronic technology. In that technology, the X-ray system uses X-ray movie cameras for collecting data from objects. The X-ray movie cameras are the cameras that use X-ray films. And they can observe the material's development. The X-ray rapatronic camera is a rapatronic camera that was developed for research nuclear tests. 

And in X-ray-based technology, those rapatronic cameras use X-ray films. Researching the internal structures of atoms and molecules requires very high-accurate X-ray impulses. The new X-ray lasers can be the most accurate systems that can follow the processes where crystals are forming. The thing is that there are many ways to create X-ray systems, and one of them is to use free electron lasers. The free electron lasers are particle accelerators where electrons travel meandering. Whenever an electron changes its direction it sends a photon. 

The benefit of free-electron lasers is this: the system can adjust the wavelength of their radiation. It is also possible to use cathode tubes that send radiation emission into the X-ray beam that travels in the middle of the system. So the system looks like the LRAD. The problem with cathode-based, solid-state systems is that they do not have enough high accuracy for high-class scientific work. However, weapon applications can use those X-ray lasers. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-era-of-atomic-science-slac-fires-up-the-worlds-most-powerful-x-ray-laser/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapatronic_camera

Researchers created the ability to mass-produce nanomaterial called "MXene".

 Researchers created the ability to mass-produce nanomaterial called "MXene". 

The nanomaterial "MXene" is the material that turns harder when somebody or something presses it. The "MXene" is one of the examples of 2D "molecular structures". When somebody talks about the 2D nanomaterial, normally people talk about the graphene, an atom layer of carbon. 

The "molecular 2D" structures mean that the material is one layer of molecules like lipids. Those lipide molecules are forming soap, and sometimes those lipids are used as tweezers in nanotechnology. But if engineers will cover the entire layer using one lipide layer that material will get new abilities. The thing that makes the nanomaterial interesting is its form. When somebody tries to push one layer-lipids that are in the same way together the lipide's "feet" are pushing against each other. 

"KIST researchers developed a method to predict molecule distribution on MXene, a nanomaterial, using its magnetoresistance property, paving the way for easier quality control and mass production. The research also highlighted MXene’s diverse applications based on the Hall scattering factor. Credit: Korea Institute of Science and Technology." (ScitechDaily.com/A Dream Nanomaterial: Breakthrough in Mass Production of MXene)

There is one thing that can revolutionize the armor and space technology. Those things are the "nanopyramids" the molecules that are forming a pyramid-shaped structure. If those pyramids are overlapping against each other. That thing makes it impossible to push anything through them if that material is created by using nanodiamonds. 

In some other versions, the material's molecule structure looks like a prism or gable roof. If two "roofs " are against each other overlapping. That thing makes material also very hard to penetrate because the structure turns harder when somebody pushes it. 

The nanotechnology is a tool that makes the new types of materials possible. Those nanomaterials can make the fundamental applications in civil and military products possible. The nanomaterial called "MXene" is one of the promising things for new types of armor. The nanomaterial's structure that you see in the image is like small "pyramids". 

When something hits or presses that material, the molecule's feet are pressing against each other. And that thing makes it hard to press that structure together. So the "MXene" is the material that turns harder when something presses it. That nanomaterial looks like soap lipids. When we think possibility of covering large surfaces by using one molecule layer of those lipids, that thing makes it possible to create a new type of surface, that can turn hard and stand against hard strikes. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-dream-nanomaterial-breakthrough-in-mass-production-of-mxene/

Dark matter and gravitons are the biggest mysteries in the universe.

    Dark matter and gravitons are the biggest mysteries in the universe. 

Could an extremely small primordial black hole that is smaller than gluon be the source of gravitational radiation and gravitational waves? 

If a graviton is an extremely small primordial black hole. That explains dark energy. The atom-size or smaller black holes can be stable. If they get enough energy. Those small black holes interact similar way as the larger black holes. And there are energy beams also in those small black hole's poles. The energy that leaves those poles could be the thing called dark energy. 

If those small black holes are between quarks and gluons they could send radiation into both particles. The pushing radiation that comes out from primordial black holes would impact into quark and gluon. There those particles will take that energy into their quantum field. 

When those quarks and gluons send radiation that they get from that primordial black hole back there is forming a channel where a larger energy beam covers smaller but higher energy beam. So that primordial back hole would be in the tunnel. Where it sends radiation into that quark and gluon. Because gluon is smaller than quark lots of radiation that comes from quarks travels through the gluon. 

Can dark matter made of gravitons? The answer is that nobody knows. The graviton is a hypothetical particle. That could be the link between the fourth- and the third dimension. 

The fourth dimension is the energy level where 3D material cannot interact with 4D material. So graviton could be the hole between energy levels or spaces. In some theories hypothetical graviton is an extremely small black hole, that brings energy from a higher dimension. 

A black hole is an object between 4D and 3D worlds. And graviton would be the extremely small black hole. But in some other models, the graviton could be a whirl- or spiral-looking gravitational field. So the graviton would be a virtual particle. 

The idea is this: a black hole pulls material and radiation in it. During that process, the black hole loads that material with a very high energy level. Then there is material that falls from the fourth dimension. And when those two materials are impacting the energy travels from higher energy material into lower energy particles. And that energy flow causes gravitational radiation. 

The thing is that dark matter will not probably form purely gravitons. But dark matter involves an element that makes gravitation interact also between visible and dark matter. So there could be gravitons also in dark matter. That gravitational interaction tells that there is something that causes the gravitational effect, but that thing doesn't interact in any other way. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-matter-gravitons/

https://scitechdaily.com/understanding-the-mysteries-of-the-cosmos-new-clues-to-dark-matter-from-primordial-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/primordial-black-holes-the-size-of-an-atom-what-new-experimental-evidence-suggests/

DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems.

 DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems. 

DNA and biochemistry with molecular biology are emerging and promising tools for high-power computing. The DNA-based computers can use the biochemical core along with DNA. And then, that system can communicate with regular microelectronics. The system can run over 100 billion programs, and that makes the system an interesting multi-tasker.

The DNA molecules can act as the programs for next-generation AI-based microchip-kernel applications. Chemical DNA computing uses nanotechnical systems to make the DNA that acts as the perforated tape in that system. In those models, the DNA transfers information between processors. In that model, DNA replaces electric wires in components as data transporter. But it requires fast-operating nanotechnology. 

The most futuristic visions of DNA-based computers are computers that use fast-operating nanotechnology. In that model, the system creates the synthetic DNA molecules by using nanotechnology. And those DNA molecules act like perforated tape of the old-fashioned computers. However, the system can use the DNA as a tool that can run complex AI-based software. And maybe the AI-based kernel architecture uses the DNA molecules as programs. 

There are three types of electric DNA computers. Or, the number of DNA-based computers depends on how we determine the use of the DNA in those systems. 

1) The computers that use DNA molecules as the microprocessors. Those DNA bites can act as part of regular-looking microchips. 

1a) The DNA can act as an information handler itself. 

1b) The DNA can act as a program for the ROM circuits. 

2) The computers that use DNA as the components like springs that control switches. 

3) Living cells that are used to process information. 

3a) Dummy systems, or systems that use dummy cells. Those systems can be bacteria which fibers can act as connectors. Those bacteria can be microchip controlled. 

3b) The systems that use intelligent cells like living neurons as data handlers.

In DNA-based computing, DNA is the tool that replaced regular microchips. If each base pair is one state of the DNA-based microprocessor. Data travels from the first vertical strand through horizontal base pairs to another main strand. That thing gives the DNA the ability to run billions of programs at the same time. The system can work like this. The microchip or some optical system transports data from regular microchips to DNA. 

The system can use miniature lasers that shoot photons to silicon bites. Those silicone bites are at the point of every base pair. Their mission is to transfer photons into electric impulses. Then data travels through those base pairs into the DNA's other side. DNA-based computing is a new and promising tool. The DNA computer's multi-tasking ability can used in quantum computing. That means every base pair acts as one qubit's state. This thing makes those systems even more powerful than nobody expected. 

https://www.britannica.com/technology/DNA-computing

https://futurism.com/worlds-first-reprogrammable-dna-computer

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/dna-based-computer-can-run-100-billion-different-programs/ar-AA1gF86Y

https://www.wired.com/story/finally-a-dna-computer-that-can-actually-be-reprogrammed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing

Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing.

   Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing. 

Optical computing is one of the most promising tools for creating new and powerful computers. Similar theories that researchers made for regular computers can be used in optical computers. The problem is how to transform photons into electric information. In some models, information travels between switches and photon transistors and gates in photon form. 

At the point where information travels to a switch or router a photovoltaic cell turns it into the electric form. And the other side the miniature LED turns it back into the photonic form. Or the router can replaced by using miniature mirrors. That increases the photonic volume in the data processing. 

"Researchers have highlighted the potential of on-chip nanophotonic systems as a solution to the challenges presented by traditional electrical networks. These systems utilize light for data transmission, offering increased bandwidth and speed". (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Well Nanowire Array Micro-LEDs: The Future of On-chip Optical Communication)

The optical computer is light and in the binary version when light is on, the value in the system is one. And when light is off the value is zero. The problem is how to blink light fast enough. 

The answer for that could be nano-LEDs or a system that looks like a camera shutter. When the shutter lets the light go to the photovoltaic cell the value is one. And when the shutter is shut, the value is zero. That allows to make the optical or half-optical computer by using regular lights.

If the system uses two routes for transmitting data is possible to make even faster computers. The system requires AI-based control, but in a binary system values one and zero have different routes. So route one gives value one. And route two gives a value of zero. Or opposite. The speed of shutters determines the speed of the computer. 

Making the optical computer by using two lights that send their light to photovoltaic cells is possible. Cell number one gives a value of zero. Cell number one gives value one. There should be fast-moving shutters like in cameras between those photovoltaic cells and the light source. 

The nano LEDs can be the tools that can also make the optical computers fast. The system can control those nano LEDs with very high accuracy. Computers can use Those LEDs in extremely small nano-lasers. Those nano-lasers could give very high-accurate light impulses to systems that turn the binary data into quantum mode. 

"New research has discovered new interactions between neutrinos and photons, potentially shedding light on mysteries in particle physics and solar phenomena". (ScitechDaily.com/Neutrino-Photon Interactions: Unlocking the Mysteries of Particle Physics)

The neutrino is the almost perfect qubit. But the problem is: how to get neutrinos? 

The photon-neutrino interaction is the next-generation thing, that could use in quantum computers. Neutrino is a very weakly interacting particle, that interacts with photons. In some visions, the photons can be used to load information into neutrinos. 

The system uses single photons where information is loaded, and those photons will turn those neutrinos into qubits that can transport information over long distances. And then the neutrino detector will remove that data from neutrinos. The idea about neutrino qubits is based on the model that neutrino can have superposition like all other elementary particles.  

The problem with neutrinos is that they are hard to get. In some visions, the photons are used to stop the neutrino and then the information will load into it. Then some kind of EM radiation transfers that neutrino into the wanted direction. Then photon impacts or neutrino detectors can be used to download information from neutrino.

https://www.sciencealert.com/neutrinos-ghost-particles-can-interact-with-light-after-all

https://scitechdaily.com/neutrino-photon-interactions-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-particle-physics/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-well-nanowire-array-micro-leds-the-future-of-on-chip-optical-communication/

The next step in generative AI is interactive generative AI.

The next step in generative AI is interactive generative AI.

The interactive AI means that the person just talks to AI and then AI follows the orders. The ability to use the natural language makes it easier to communicate with robots. The human operators can give instructions to robots on what they should do next. 

The interactive AI-based translator makes it possible. People can use their languages in communication whenever they want. The translation program can installed on cell phones. And then people can use it like any other social media program. The communication could happen through central computers where the server program translates words to the target language. 

Or the system can use the morphing network or cloud-based architecture where a cloud of cell phones shares their calculation capacity. Interactive AI can also be a powerful tool for programming and any other things like the R&D process of physical tools. 

The interactive AI can give instructions to programmers. Or it can generate the code from examples. Then the AI asks for the databases' names that want to connect with the program. If AI has access to hard disk, it can search those databases itself, and make the paths. 

There is the possibility that the AI has a multi-tasking user interface. If the names are not  said clearly. The AI can ask to write those filenames. Or it can suggest files that look a little bit about the name that AI heard. The AI can give lists about the found names and then the user can select the right one. 

The next big step in the development of AI is interactive, generative AI. Traditional generative AI just follows the order like "draw me a flower". And then the generative AI just creates that image. Interactive AI discusses with the user, it asks what colors and surfaces the user wants to use in the flower. 

The person can ask to make the yellow flower with crystal leaves and metallic surface and interactive AI just starts to make the flower. During that process, after every stage, it asks is customer happy. Is there something that wanted to change, or is there some hue of color that the user wants to use? 

If the user wants the AI to make a painting, the AI might ask if is there some painting, that the user wants to use as the base. Then the AI asks what parts are the best in the painting, and then it might ask what details the user wants to use in the AI-generated version. 

In the case of the R&D process, the interactive AI is the tool that can ask if is there some airfield where the aircraft must fit. Then it can ask some special variables what are the wanted payload and other abilities that the system must have. If AI creates drones it requires the computer code, that it uses. 

The complicated AI requires powerful computers, and those computers require cooling systems and other kinds of things. Also, the sensors and other things like the drone's purpose determine it's size. The things that the AI also requires are manufacturing tools and available materials. Interactive AI is a tool that discusses with people during the generative process. 

If the interactive AI  drives a car it acts like a second driver. The system might observe a human driver, and if that person is tired or nervous, it can ask what's problem, is and tell that the person needs a break. The interactive AI can take information from the traffic control and adjust the car's speed to a level that it must not stop. The AI can also make a report to authorities if the person seems drunk or somehow angry and request traffic police to stop the driving. 

If a driver makes the mistake that takes the car into the traction. AI can fix that error. When AI takes control the clutch separates the wheel from the power steering so that the driver cannot turn the car. That thing is an important detail in robot cabs. If a drunk person can take a car in control, that thing causes a terrible situation. 

When every single wheel is operated in separate electric engines the AI can adjust their rotation direction and rotation speed. These kinds of systems can installed in hybrid and electric cars. This type of vehicle can use diesel- (or combustion)-electric driving systems. And those systems make them very fast. 

https://www.analyticsinsight.net/interactive-ai-a-step-closer-to-conversational-artificial-intelligence/

The neural spiral in our brains can mean very much to the human species.

 The neural spiral in our brains can mean very much to the human species.

And researchers can use the human brain as the model for AI-based solutions that are better than ever before. 

The neural spiral in the human brain is an impressive thing. It transmits information around our brain. And that thing is suspected behind the consequence. The thing in the neural spiral is that it gives brains the ability to analyze situations better. 

And that neural spiral gives us the thing called patience. That neural spiral makes our neural system better than insects. In insects neural system signals travel in one direction and that thing gives them an effective ability to handle information. 

But that thing means that if an insect decides to attack it will not think about the situation anymore, and that thing causes death if it attacks against the superior predator. If a human sees a cave bear human will go to a weapon before the hunter even thinks of attacking against bear. The neural spiral gives the hunter deliberation, and that ability is the thing that can save the hunter's life. 

Researchers used the human and other specie's brains as a model for high-power supercomputers. The human brain works like a computer. And that means it can give a model for next-generation systems. 

The thing is that researchers can model the neural spiral from the human brain into computers and morph networks. The AI-based morphing network means that the system can, as an example, forget things. The AI can have values that if the system doesn't use some database in a certain time the system removes those files. 

If we think about the mark of the recycling center, we can think that arrows are the sequences or pulses when data travels between computers. And at the end of every pulse is the computer. The system drives data in the direction where arrows show. And every time the data travels through the computer, that system analyzes the data that is handled by a computer. That is behind that ring. 

Image: Recycle mark can used as a model for spiral computing structure. Every arrow symbolizes the pulse where information travels between computers. And then after each pulse, the information travels through the computer that processes it. The number of processing sequences depends on how many times information travels in that circle. 

So the system can send the data to travel around this spiral or ring, and in every pulse, the data system can breed the information. That kind of system can be the ultimate tool for AI to analyze data. The type of those computers is not important. And they could be regular binary computers, DNA-based computers that can drive billions of programs at one time or they can be quantum computers. 

The AI-based kernel can make computers more powerful than ever before. And carbon nanotubes can make lightweight quantum computers possible. Every layer in the carbon nanotube is one state of qubit. So the four-layer carbon nanotube can act as a qubit where is one layer for zero, and three layers are for states 1,2, and 3. In the image is a layer nanotube, that could have qubit states 0,1 and 2. 

Maybe those lightweight systems are not as powerful as some superquantum computers. But they are more powerful than modern binary PCs.  And nobody expects that laptops can make the same things as supercomputers. 

The AI-based kernel can improve the system's power in every computer type. The binary computer can use different wires for transmitting one and zero. In that model, electricity that travels in wire one gives value one. And the electricity that travels in the wire two gives a value of zero. That thing makes the binary computer faster than ever before. And AI-based kernels can make this kind of system possible. 

By using fullerene nanotubes is possible to transmit information. In the form of qubits. In that model, each layer in a multi-layer nanotube is a certain state of the qubit. The quantum system can transfer data to those multi-layer carbon nanotubes. And that makes some kind of lightweight quantum computer possible. 

If there are four layers in the nanotube, that thing means that there is one zero layer and three states in qubits. This kind of system might not seem very impressive. But we can say that this kind of system's calculation power is enough for many simulations. 

The fact is that. The Internet allows to use of high-power quantum computers over the net by using laptops or even mobile telephones. That means the high-power quantum computers can be far away from their users. 

So lightweight quantum computers are not as powerful as super-powerful quantum computers that are in data centers. We can say that we don't even think that some laptops or home PCs have the same calculation power as some supercomputers have. However, the internet allows the users of the laptops can use the abilities of supercomputers. 

https://neurosciencenews.com/perception-brain-computer-23919/

https://www.sciencealert.com/liquid-computer-made-from-dna-comprises-billions-of-circuits

https://scitechdaily.com/biological-masterpiece-evolution-wired-human-brains-to-act-like-supercomputers/

Radio transmission is the weak point of modern military drones.

 Radio transmission is the weak point of modern military drones. 

The new British military jet-propelled "Hydra 400"quadcopter is an interesting design. 

The new jet-propelled drone is an interesting design. The jet-propelled quadcopter can fly fast. And it can raise more cargo from the ground than electric engine drones. There is a possibility that these kinds of quadcopters can used as "quad autogyros". 

In those designs, the quadcopters use their quad rotors for lift-off and landing. During a long-distance flight. The drone can use free-rotation propellers and a jet engine. And that thing makes those drones fast. 

Those drones can used as kamikaze drones. Or they can launch missiles like Javelins if they are connected to them. The kamikaze quadcopters are interesting tools because they can observe the area. And if there are no targets those drones can return to base. 

But if there are some kind of targets the drone can make it's surveillance mission and then attack targets when their flight time ends. The drones can use an image-recognition homing system that allows them to take out targets with very high accuracy. 

Above Hydra-drone. 

The military is interested in independently operating drones is that those drones don't require full-time communication between the drone and HQ. The Ukraine war shows how dangerous full-time radio communication is. If the electronic intelligence finds the transmitter, the enemy can turn every cannon against those command centers. So the kamikaze-recon drone can transmit data to the command center and then dive against the target. And that helps to hide the place of the command system. 

The full-time operating radio transmissions are dangerous for drone swarms. The drone swarm where hundreds of members is a suitable target for large anti-aircraft missiles or AA grenades. Similar ELINT systems that are used for track radio transmitters also aim AA cannons at those drone swarms. High-power radio waves can jam the data communication in that drone swarm. 

Those missiles could equipped with a similar homing system as HARM (High-speed Anti Radiation missiles). The HARM-type missiles are also deadly against any radio transmitters. 

Normally HARM is shot from the aircraft. Portable shoulder-launched Stinger missiles also have a so-called "Anti-radiation variant" called Stinger ARM (Anti-Radiation Missiles) that can detect and destroy enemy radiation sources. That makes radio telephones missile magnets if the enemy can track their positions by using radio detectors. 

But there is the possibility that those missiles can be mounted on rocket launchers or warships. Warships can also use those missiles against enemy surface combat unit's radars. And that means the artillery rockets and grenades can have a warhead that can detect radio transmitters. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/british-army-jet-propelled-drones

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autogyro

Chinese researchers manipulated miniature robots with laser rays.

 Chinese researchers manipulated miniature robots with laser rays. 

Manipulating miniature robots with lasers can lead the road to next-generation nanotechnology. The system can manipulate nanostructures by benefiting the different material's ability to absorb different wavelengths. In another version, the feet and arms of the nanorobot are made by using different materials. And in that case, different materials can move by using lasers with different wavelengths. 

The system can benefit the protein and temperature interaction that affects the length of protein fibers. 

When a laser ray hits material it raises its temperature and makes it possible to manipulate the bonds. So if the left leg of the robot absorbs blue laser light stronger than the right leg, that causes a situation in which the laser raises the left leg's temperature. That thing causes a situation. Where the left leg moves faster than the right leg. 

"Researchers develop tiny "dancing" robots." (https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-researchers-create-dancing-microrobots-using-lasers)

The ability to manipulate nanomaterials makes it possible to create complicated structures that do not require internal power sources. And that makes it possible to create complicated molecular structures that the system can manipulate by stressing them with multi-band laser rays. That kind of ability can improve nanomachine abilities. 

The complicated actions require complicated movements. And that thing gives molecular-size nanorobots new roles. In medical work the nanorobot that looks like a hairy ball can slip in the cell. Then the laser will send energy impulses to those balls that will push their hair out. That causes a situation, where the ball fills the cell. 

In some other versions, the limbs are a different number of photovoltaic materials. That means laser affects those limbs at different times. But in complicated models. The laser ray can simply transfer electricity to the miniature robots. Lasers are multipurpose tools that can transport information and electricity, and lasers can used as weapons. That makes those systems interesting from the point of view of DARPA. 

Those laser systems can do all those missions. They can used as tools for delivering commands and electricity for small-size drones. That thing is one of the ways the systems can use their multi-use capacities. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-researchers-create-dancing-microrobots-using-lasers

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-breakthrough-scientists-develop-new-way-to-manipulate-exotic-materials/

Beyond Moore's law: how to make more powerful computers.

 Beyond Moore's law: how to make more powerful computers. 

The main problem is how to keep the temperature in the computer system low. 

Moore's law means that the number of transistors in microprocessors grows exponentially in time units. Or otherwise saying the number of transistors will double every year. Moore's law is not reality anymore. The reason for that is when the size of microprocessors and transistors is getting smaller, quantum phenomena like electromagnetic whirls cause problems. The resistance raises temperature which causes oscillation in wires. And that oscillation is the thing that disturbs high-power data transmission. 

The reason why the researchers wanted to keep the size of microchips small is that long wires cause temperature problems and the electromagnetic turbulence and outside electromagnetic effects are causing more problems for microchips than short wires. And that's why a small microchip is less vulnerable to outcoming radio interference than large-scale microchips. 

Above: A supercomputer center

Above fullerene nanotube. But that image could portray EMP-protected wire that is in a Faraday cage. 

How to remove the electromagnetic oscillation and outside EMP effect from computers? 

The EMP protection allows to use of larger-size microchips and high-power coolers can stabilize the wires. Reseachers must cover every single by using a Faraday cage, and the system must keep their temperatures low. 

But one version to remove the outcoming effects is to use the EMP-protection in the wires. The image that portrays a fullerene nanotube can portray EMP-protected wires. Those wires would be closed in a Faraday cage that removes the electromagnetic effect from those wires. 

1) The microchip's size can turn bigger. Making bigger microchips with high-power cooling systems makes it possible to create microchips that have more transistors and diodes than existing microchips. 

The advanced cooling systems can keep the temperature low. However, those microchips can be suitable only for supercomputer centers. Those large-size microchips require EMP protection and advanced cooling systems. And that's why they are not suitable for home computers. 

2) The system can use photonic computing. In photonic computers, the laser rays are replaced by regular copper wires. The laser transmits data to the small-size light- or photovoltaic cell. And that silicon crystal turns flashes of light into zero and one. Photonic computers can keep their temperatures lower than regular computers. 

3) The third method is to control the system more effectively. The AI-based operating systems can keep the temperature in the microchips optimal. And that means the AI-based systems can share missions between multi-core processors more effectively. In those systems when the temperature rises in one processor, the AI can route the missions into other processors. 

That allows for decreased temperature in those processors. And, of course, the system can share its missions between multiple components. Those components can be independently operating computers even if they are in the same box.  The AI-based network can share its missions also between physical systems. 

https://dailycaller.com/2018/04/09/rick-perry-supercomputers/

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-moores-law-mits-innovative-lightning-system-combines-light-and-electrons-for-faster-computing/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law

The 2D materials give the possibility to create new lightweight and stronger-than-diamond materials.

 The 2D materials give the possibility to create new lightweight and stronger-than-diamond materials.

 

The 2D materials are the next-generation products. That allows researchers to create strong and lightweight structures. The problem with 2D materials like graphene is that they lose their abilities if they cannot keep their 2D structures.

Another problem is how to produce a large mass of graphene. Graphene itself is a material that makes it possible to create materials stronger than diamond. 

Researchers can use graphene as boxes, which walls are created by using graphene. The fullerene nanotubes can form the frame inside the graphene box. Or the graphene boxes can connect by using those nanotubes.  When graphene is connected with another carbon's allotropic form called ANDR (Aggregated diamond nanorod) that thing can create a structure that resists vertical strikes better than diamonds. 

The ANDR nanorods can be put as frames in those graphene boxes to give extra strength to those materials. Manufacturing systems can install those graphene boxes on a layer using DNA bites. They act as nano springs whose mission is to remove impact energy. 

The problem is how to produce enough of those nanorods and graphene. There is also the possibility to cover the graphene layer by using nanodiamonds. Those nanodiamonds form pyramid-shaped structures over graphene. Those nanodiamonds are the tools that can used in the next-generation stealth materials. 

Those graphene boxes are giving a new type of extremely hard layer for any shell. That kind of layer is useful in the spacecraft. But it could be game-changing armor in many military tools. 

The new materials require new production methods.  Production and handling of those new materials require AI-controlled chemical and physical environments. 

Structures that can be stronger than diamonds  Are useful for tools that must bite extremely strong materials. 

Graphene production is a very easy process. The system must only cover some layers by using graphite. Then the laser just planes extra carbon layers away from that material. The lasers or other electromagnetic systems can press regular cylinder-shaped nanotubes together. That kind of technology can turn regular nanotubes into ANDR nanorods. The thing is that nanomaterials are coming. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-breakthrough-scientists-develop-new-way-to-manipulate-exotic-materials/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregated_diamond_nanorod

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube

The new kamikaze quadcopter could be a game-changer. But it can also cause risk for security.

  The new kamikaze quadcopter could be a game-changer. But it can also cause risk for security. 

The new large-size anti-tank quadcopter is a tool whose abilities have not been realized yet. Aircraft or satellites can drop those kamikaze quadcopters into some operational area. And if the target for those systems is the silo-based ICBM systems. The quadcopter can wait for the silo's hatch to be open. Then those quadcopters will fly over the ICBM and detonate themselves just when the missile is firing. Anti-tank quadcopters can make holes in the submarine's hulls. 

Also, agents can carry those kamikaze quadcopters near airfields or other military bases. Then those drones will fly into the ammunition dumps or they can cause damage to radar systems or electric supply, destroy aircraft, or detonate ammunition dumps. 

"Rotem Alpha anti-tank drone at DSEI 2023 in London Image: DAVID HAMBLING" (Forbes.com/Super-Sized, Super-Smart Kamikaze Quadcopter ‘Bringing Anti-Tank Dominance)

Artificial intelligence creates other programs. And that makes it a very powerful tool. By using freeware tools is possible to make customized software for less than 7 Euros an hour. The ChatBot type AI can operate as a development tool for creating software for robots. That allows the system to create customized software for civil and military drones. 

When we think about killer drones the system must only know the point where it should land, and then the system must not have slow-down mode. The ChatBot-type software generators can modify any drone in the world into a killer drone. When we think of killer drones. We are facing a very dangerous situation. In that situation, only one drone that is sold to the wrong hands can cause catastrophic. 

It's possible to download that control software from that drone. And then operators can load that software to any quadcopter. That means that in the wrong hands. Those systems are high-risk for national security. 

The new quadcopter-looking kamikaze drone is a good example of how cheap AI is. R&D work with that application is expensive things. But when the software is ready, it can scale all over the entirety. 

When software is developed system can download it into any tool, connected with it. The morphing neural network topology makes it possible to program one drone, and then that drone will transmit its program over the entire network. The AI-based applications can interconnect every system into one entirety. 

https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2023/09/14/super-sized-super-smart-kamikaze-quadcopter-bringing-anti-tank-dominance/

Photon-neutrino interactions open new views to those mysterious particles.

  Photon-neutrino interactions open new views to those mysterious particles. 

In some visions, the neutrino is very close to hypothetical WIMP (Weakly interacting massive particle) which are dark matter particles. There could be two ways how WIMP can be massive. One is that a single WIMP can have a higher energy level than visible material. And the second is that there are lots of WIMPs that are massive in entirety. 

So the WIMP makes interaction between visible material as a group. In some models, there are two types of WIMPs. The high-energy WIMPs form the hot dark matter. And low-energy WIMPs could be particles of the cold dark matter. And in visible material. The energy level is between those hot and cold WIMPs or hot and cold dark matter. 

Normally, think that the universe has three main parts. Those parts are dark energy, dark matter, and visible material. In some models, there is hot and cold dark matter. And visible material is between those dark matter types. The thing, that determines material visibility is the direction of energy flow. If energy travels from higher energy material into lower energy material. 

And there is no echo from that material. The interaction is one-way. That means there is no energy flow back to higher energy particles, and that makes lower energy particles invisible. In that model, energy flows from visible matter into cold dark matter. And that makes cold dark matter invisible to us. 

There is the possibility that there is also the fourth type of material, which we can call grey material. That grey material is something between dark and visible material. 

"New research has discovered new interactions between neutrinos and photons, potentially shedding light on mysteries in particle physics and solar phenomena." (ScitechDaily.com/Neutrino-Photon Interactions: Unlocking the Mysteries of Particle Physics)

We can think that "dark matter" is so-called hot dark matter. Which energy level is higher than the visible material's energy level? 

When hot dark matter loses its energy it turns into visible material, and when visible material loses its energy. It turns into cold dark matter. In that model, dark energy is the last view of material before it falls into 2D form.

In that model, the neutrino could represent very old material that lost its energy. Because neutrino's energy level is very low it's hard to detect. And it loses its energy into the cold dark matter. This model is conducted from the model of the universe's ultimate fate. The fate of material is turned into wave movement. And maybe neutrino is the particle that is transforming from the visible material into dark matter. 

Neutrinos are one of the most interesting. And at the same time very mysterious particles. Those particles have mass, but they do not have strong interactions. That makes neutrinos able to travel through planets. And kilometers-thick lead doesn't stop those particles. There is a possibility that neutrinos can travel through neutron stars, and if that thing is true, they can help us to understand the dense objects in the universe.

But in that case, researchers must confirm that those neutrinos traveled through the neutron stars. The photon-neutrino impacts open new views to those mysterious particles. If we think about the shape of the neutrino, they could be very interesting tools in quantum technology. Neutrinos could transport information over long distances. 

So quantum computers could use neutrinos in long-distance quantum communication. The problem is that those neutrinos are hard to capture and manipulate. And that thing makes it hard to benefit them. But if researchers could someday capture neutrinos in photon traps, they can have the tool that can used in high-class quantum systems that can observe interactions inside atoms. 

https://scitechdaily.com/neutrino-photon-interactions-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-particle-physics/

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/p/the-cosmic-structure-growth-is.html

The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

   The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

The question is about the effects of dark matter and dark energy. There is a theory that there are two dark matter types. Hot dark matter is a material. Whose energy level is higher than visible material. Cold dark matter is material whose energy level is lower than visible material. 

Which way does energy travel? In this image, we can think that hot dark matter is the thing that is marked "dark matter". When that hypothetical material's energy level decreases. It turns into visible materials or atoms. Finally, it turns into cold dark matter and when those particles collapse into a 2D form they will make a short-term pothole that fills, and when quantum fields impact that pothole. They send energy impulses, that we see as dark energy. 

So energy travels from hot dark matter through visible matter into cold dark matter. The cold dark matter would be material that has a 2-dimensional structure. And that makes the cold dark matter act like an energy vampire. Energy travels from visible material into cold dark matter.

Maybe cold dark matter is the basic energy level in space. Where our universe exists. That cold dark matter would be invisible because energy travels into that material. The reason, why there are no signs of that cold dark matter is that there are lots more cold dark matter than visible matter. 

But when energy impacts dark matter particles they send that energy into other dark matter particles. And that energy moves the dark matter could. That could be the dark energy. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Geometric shape of the universe. 

The reason why we cannot see hot dark matter either is when that material sends the radiation that we can detect it has turned into Higgs boson and then through the chains into stable electrons. And after that when that electron (or any other elementary particle) loses its mass, it turns into cold dark matter. 

Cosmic microwave background

The place of the cold and hot dark matter can be successively after visible material. And in that model, visible material is at the top energy level. In that model energy also travels into the dark matter and because there are lots of more dark matter particles than visible matter, that means the energy that travels into the dark matter. And then, it starts to travel between those dark matter particles. 

Cosmic gamma-ray background 

When we are looking at cosmic micro, gamma, and X-ray backgrounds, we can conclude that gravitational background forms similar structures as some of the cosmic backgrounds. That means gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is not homogenous. That causes the induction conclusion that the universe cannot be purely spherical, hyperbolic, or even flat. 

Cosmic X-ray background. 

The universe's shape would be like a rag, where one corner turned up. In that model, the universe's shape is a combination of those geometrical shapes.  The question about the universe's shape is interesting because it should be a combination of all of those geometrical possibilities. 

Most researchers believe that the universe is flat. But there is a model. where the material that forms our universe is like a ball above that flat universe. If that model is real, energy travels from that ball into that universe or energy level below it. 

In that model, the universe or the 3D material is like a ball, that hovers above the material the energy level is under detectable level. And that material is mainly the cold dark matter. If the cold dark matter's energy level is lower than the visible material's minimum energy level. That means energy travels from visible 3D material to that 2D material, and our universe is like a ball, that hovers in space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/universe-defies-einsteins-predictions-cosmic-structure-growth-mysteriously-suppressed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Cosmic background images Space com, ESA and NASA