Electric power innovations. Fuel cells in aircraft and solar panels over Arizona canal.

"ZEROe teams powered on the iron pod, the future hydrogen-propulsion system designed for Airbus’ electric concept aircraft." (Intersting Engineering, Airbus's ZEROe: First engine fuel cell powers up for hydrogen flight)

Airbus Zero is a testbed for fuel cells that are used in commercial aircraft. The problem with aircraft is always noise and pollution. If the aircraft uses electric engines. That decreases noise levels and cleans the air, especially around airfields. Lightweight solar panels that can be installed on the wings and body of aircraft can give electricity to electric engines. And they can extend an aircraft's operational range.

The thing that makes this kind of system interesting is that the "flying cars" or cheap VTOL aircraft can use them as a power source. The hydrogen power cells can give energy to electric aircraft at night time. And that makes them more flexible than if systems use only solar panels.

If we think of the aircraft of the future the aircraft can operate over the city areas using electric engines. When they are at longer distances those aircraft can turn to use jet engines. Solar panels make it possible. That hydrogen-powered aircraft can create fuel in its body.

Hydrogen can also be used as fuel in turbines, ramjets, and scramjets. The hydrogen-powered aircraft can travel at supersonic- or hypersonic speed. Solar power makes it possible for those aircraft to use ecological fuel. The solar cells would use electrolytic chambers that split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

The water injection into the combustion chamber can increase the oxygen-hydrogen fuel's thrust. Normally, rockets use hydrocarbon as fuel because that fuel gives more pressure against the front side of the combustion chamber. The weakness of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel mixture is the weak thrust.

The thing that limits the use of hydrogen and oxygen in rocket engines is high specific impulse. That means exhaust gas speed is so high, that there is no push to the forward. There is low pressure against the front side of the combustion chamber. And that decreases the hydrogen-oxygen mixture's thrust. However, water injection into the combustion chamber will increase the thrust.

"Project Nexus could save water while generating solar energy". (Interesting Engineering, Arizona's solar-over-canal project tackles drought — here's what we know)

The solar panels can used to cover aqueducts.

There is a plan to cover the Arizona Canal in the USA using solar panels. Those panels can protect water. And they can deliver energy to the electric network. The power of those solar panels could be 13 terawatts. And it can deliver energy to Los Angeles in ten months. Another use of those solar panels would be the cooling system that denies water vaporizations. And those solar panels also increase the security of those water supply systems.

Blinders or turning modules allow systems to adjust solar cell's energy production. In the last case, the silicone layer that produces electricity is installed on the square-shaped rod. That rod can made of wood. Solar panels cover one of its sides. When the system produces too much energy, part of those rods turn the solar panel off the sun's direction. That helps to adjust energy production.

In the wildest visions, that kind of solar panel system can deliver energy to the particle accelerator or modular supercomputers. The computer or accelerator system will installed in those solar panel elements. If there are blinders, commonly used in windows or modular solar panels can turn their electric-producing silicone layer away from the sun which denies the overload. When the system requires more energy, it turns more electric production components to the sun. Turning elements allow for adjustment of the solar cells' power.

The main problem with aqueducts or water channels that deliver water to cities, especially in sunny and warm areas is vaporization. Every time, when sunlight vaporizes water, that thing means that water will go somewhere else than it should. Cities like Los Angeles require lots of water, and the problem is clean water.

In some visions, solar panels can used to cover the water supply system. Especially open water supply canals are places where water vaporizes. And another thing is that they are vulnerable to sabotage.

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/airbuss-zeroe-first-engine-fuel-cell-powers-up-for-hydrogen-flight

https://interestingengineering.com/science/arizonas-solar-over-canal-tackles-drought

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/03/electric-power-innovations-fuel-cells-in-aircraft-and-solar-panels-over-arizona-canal/

MIT's tractor beam can make the new types of SASER systems possible

"This chip-based "tractor-beam," which uses an intensely focused beam of light to capture and manipulate biological particles without damaging the cells, could help biologists study the mechanisms of diseases."(Interesting Engineering, MIT’s Star Wars-inspired ‘tractor beam’ uses light to capture, manipulate cells) MIT's tractor beam can make the new types of SASER systems possible. The tractor beam just hovers the nanoparticle in air or medium, and then the laser or some other electromagnetic system transports oscillation into those particles. The ability to make cells and other particles hover in the system makes it possible to create particles whose energy level or resonance frequencies are accurately calculated things. That thing makes it possible to create things that transmit wave movement accurately and cleanly. This is one version of the use of a tractor beam. Modern tractor beams are like acoustic tweezers where sound waves lock the object in its cr

The new observations tell that the thunderstorms form gamma-rays. That could make gamma-ray lasers possible.

"An illustration of NASA’s research plane ER-2 flying over thunderstorms. Credit: University of Bergen / Mount Visual (CC BY 4.0), edited" (ScitechDaily, Surprising Discovery: NASA’s Retrofitted U2 Spy Plane Reveals Tropical Lightning Storms Are Radioactive) The new observations tell that the thunderstorms form gamma-rays. That could make gamma-ray lasers possible. The process has been observed by the NASA (Lockheed) ER-2 research plane, which is a modified U-2 spy plane. The gamma-ray formation in thunderstorms. Where lightning and electric fields release electrons that impact the air molecules and water droplets is an interesting thing. That thing opens the route to solving many mysteries. "The general physics behind how thunderstorms create high-energy flashes of gamma radiation is not a mystery. As thunderstorms develop, swirling drafts drive water droplets, hail, and ice into a mixture that creates an electric charge much like rubbing a balloon on your shirt. Pos

Chinese innovations and space lasers are interesting combinations.

Above: "Tiangong is China's operational space station located in low Earth orbit. (Image credit: Alejomiranda via Getty Images)" (Scpace.com, China's space station, Tiangong: A complete guide) Chinese are close to making nuclear-powered spacecraft. Almost every day, we can read about Chinese technical advances. So are, the Chinese more innovative than Western people? Or is there some kind of difference in culture and morale between Western and Chinese societies? The Chinese superiority in hypersonic technology is one of the things that tells something about the Chinese way of making things. In China, the mission means. And the only thing that means is mission. That means that things like budgets and safety orders are far different from Western standards. If some project serves the Chinese communist party and PLA (People's Liberation Army) that guarantees unlimited resources for those projects. Chinese authorities must not care about the public opinion. If we th

Interesting and futuristic innovations

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