NASA launched the BOLT-II mission for researching hypersonic flight

The fact is that hypersonic systems are not always big. And they might seem very much about the normal rockets. Hypersonic aerial vehicles can also use conventional rocket engines for reaching hypersonic speed. The BOLT-II is hoped to collect information about the world. That is beyond the supersonic world.  Hypersonic aircraft need new ideas for making operations secure. 

There is a small metal profile in the rocket. And that profile tests what shape is right for a larger hypersonic vehicle. In image 2 you can see how small the BOLT-II is. And there is also an image of that profile that is used as an aerodynamic test unit in that mission. 

Image 2) The bolt II vehicle (Far right and far left) And the carrying rocket (Middle) 

Hypersonic flight causes extreme stress on the aerodynamic control levels. And that's why the problem is how to turn the hypersonic vehicle during its flight in the atmosphere. The solution is how to change the course of the hypersonic vehicle can be the air channel that travels through the aircraft. There are branches in that tube. That begins at the nose of the hypersonic vehicle. 

The ventilation will aim the airflow to the right branch. And that turns the vehicle. The BOLT-II that is launched from Wallops Island. Is a demonstration that hypersonic vehicles are not necessarily large. Even fighter aircraft can carry small-size hypersonic vehicles. Those vehicles can carry small satellites to suborbital or ballistic trajectories. 

Or they can use as missiles. Those small-size hypersonic missiles are effective, especially against ships. But as you know those systems are multi-use. And they can use in many different missions in peace and war. And hypersonic technology is a new and interesting area in aviation. 

https://www.techeblog.com/nasa-bolt-ii-rocket-launch-hypersonic-speed/

https://theconversation.com/the-bolt-ii-hypersonic-flight-test-could-bring-superfast-global-travel-a-step-closer-179556

https://eurasiantimes.com/nasas-successful-launch-of-bolt-ii-can-make-lightning-fast-travel/?amp

Images:

https://www.techeblog.com/nasa-bolt-ii-rocket-launch-hypersonic-speed/

https://theconversation.com/the-bolt-ii-hypersonic-flight-test-could-bring-superfast-global-travel-a-step-closer-179556

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The models for the self-operating nanorobots are from nature.

Image 1) (Pinterst)

Biotechnology allows the creation of artificial DNA. That allows making the artificial bacteria for certain purposes. 

Bacteria are a good example of biorobots. DNA molecules control every single action of those things. But, there are not many operations that bacteria can do. The number of actions depends on the number of the DNA types of the bacteria. The things that are controlling bacteria are simple but effective. The size of the control code is not important. The important thing is how the system uses the code is important. There are not many base pairs in the DNA of bacteria. But those base-pairs are controlling their everyday actions very effectively. 

When some chemical sensor of bacteria faces some problem like an antibody. That thing triggers bacteria to create slime for its safety. And the thing that triggers that action is the small bite of DNA or RNA that the sensor creates when it faces something that might affect the bacteria. And that causes the bacteria can react to those things. 

The DNA plasmids are the brains of bacteria. They are chemical computer programs that are controlling the everyday actions of bacteria. Bacteria are a good example for the biorobots. They are controlled by the DNA molecules. And they can operate quite independently. 

The main problem with the small-size nanorobots is their small size. There should put the microprocessor the power source and the hard disk where is the data that the system uses. But the fact is that the smallest possible nanomachines are molecule-size systems that are using enzymes for the programs how to operate. 

To the surface of molecular nanomachine are the enzymes or nutrients that are making things like immune cells carry those nanomachines to the wanted target. 

Chemical programming like the series of certain enzymes can use to carry the molecular-size machines to the right point.  The idea is that certain chemicals are causing an effect that the enzyme is starting to move the molecule. And each enzyme or chemical on the core of the molecular machine is reacting with a certain counter chemical. That means the molecular machine can make certain series of operations. 

But the thing is that the nanomachine should have the ability to make more complicated operations there is the possibility to equip the bacteria with synthetic DNA plasmids. That DNA plasmid is like a chemical computer program that allows synthetic bacteria to make complicated operations. The genetically engineered bacteria can reprogram by chancing the DNA plasmid inside its core. 

The new AI-generated protein can wake silenced genes. And that thing makes it possible to create artificial bacteria that can make many things. The DNA inside those bacteria is like a computer program. And another genome can be for normal use. And another could be for special missions. Like searching and destroying harmful cells. That genome can be silenced. But when the researchers find harmful cells. That protein can activate the silenced genome. 

Image 2) 

The nano-size microprocessors and hybridization between robots and cloned neurons are making nanorobots more multi-use than ever before. If the robot uses cloned neurons as the biocomputers that means the robot needs nutrients. 

And that machine can take nutrients can be the blood cells where the nutrients are loaded. If the nanomachine swims in blood veins. That system can use the same nutrient as people.

Image two (Image 2) is  "the artistic depiction of DNA nanomachine with protein cargo, surrounded by other protein subunits in solution". (Phys.org/Autonomous nanomachines inspired by nature). 

But it could portray a nanomachine loader that uses a small generator. For delivering electricity to those machines. 

When we are thinking the autonomous nanomachines the problem is how to make the needed microprocessors and power source fit in the robot? There is the possibility that the nanorobot can be a small cyborg. The artificial structure can involve the cloned neuron that gives electricity to the small engines and computers in that small-size system. That system can be the hybridization between the neuron and the small-size machine. 

And nanotechnology makes it possible to create energy for extremely small-size systems. There is the possibility to use the hemoglobin and small gold plates to make electricity for the nano-size robots. The nano-size microprocessors can use similar technology. That the regular drone swarms are using. 

Drone swarms use decentralized data processing. Where microprocessors share their capacity. That makes it possible to create independently operating nano-robot swarms. For power supply is introduced the electric cells of the electric eel. Or there is the possibility that the energy delivery units are landing on the surface of neurons.

And those systems can also communicate between the neurons and transmit the control code to nanomachines. Or the nanomachine androids can use living neurons for delivering control signals and electricity for the robot. The possibilities of the nanomachines are limitless. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-autonomous-nanomachines-nature.html

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-designed-protein-can-awaken-silenced-genes-one-by-one/

Image 2)https://phys.org/news/2022-03-autonomous-nanomachines-nature.html

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The solar sail technology is multi-use.

The same technology is used to make kilometer-size solar sail can use also for making large-size solar panels that can send to the orbiter. And similar mylar layers can use to make large-size radar and electronic surveillance antennas that are orbiting the earth. 

And the large-size mylar structures can also use for making the large radio telescopes that can send away from Kuiper Belt. Electricity to those systems can deliver by using lasers. And the core of those large sails can cover by using silicon atoms. 

Researchers have created an idea to send large solar sails to Alpha Centauri by using powerful laser systems. In that project, the idea is to use extremely powerful lasers for accelerating the solar sail to journey to the Alpha Centauri system. 

The same technology is used to make kilometer-size solar sail can use also for making large-size solar panels that can send to the orbiter. And similar mylar layers can use to make large-size radar and electronic surveillance antennas that are orbiting the earth. 

The light- or solar sail technology can take probes to Mars and farther at a cheap price. The solar sail is a large sail that is made by using mylar or some other strong material. The idea of a solar sail is that the solar wind is blowing that thing away from the sun. And in some visions, solar sails would give more energy from lasers that are accelerating that thing away from the solar system. The idea is that the solar sail can use the large mylar sail structure as a communication antenna. 

And if a large-size mylar layer is covered with silicon atoms. That system can use to make large-scale solar panels. And maybe the power satellites are true sooner than we think. 

The thrust of solar sail can increase by covering the mylar layer with a thin layer of iced gas. When lasers hit that gas it vaporizes and then it increases its thrust. The solar sail is an interesting system because the same concepts can use for sending large-size structures to space. 

The same technology is used in solar sails. Can use in large-scale radio telescopes and radar antennas. Those large-size antennas can monitor astronomical radio objects. Or they can use in very high powerful and accurate radars and signal intelligence systems. 

An extremely thin mylar layer can cover by a one- or two atoms-thin metal layer. And that system makes this type of structure suitable to use in large orbiting radars and electronic surveillance systems. 

The light- or solar sail technology can take probes to Mars and farther at a cheap price. The solar sail is a large sail that is made by using mylar or some other strong material. The idea of a solar sail is that the solar wind is blowing that thing away from the sun. And in some visions, solar sails would give more energy from lasers that are accelerating that thing away from the solar system. The idea is that the solar sail can use the large mylar sail structure as a communication antenna. 

And if a large-size mylar layer is covered with silicon atoms. That system can use to make large-scale solar panels. And maybe the power satellites are true sooner than we think. 

The thrust of solar sail can increase by covering the mylar layer with a thin layer of iced gas. When lasers hit that gas it vaporizes and then it increases its thrust. The solar sail is an interesting system because the same concepts can use for sending large-size structures to space. 

The same technology is used in solar sails. Can use in large-scale radio telescopes and radar antennas. Those large-size antennas can monitor astronomical radio objects. Or they can use in very high powerful and accurate radars and signal intelligence systems. 

An extremely thin mylar layer can cover by a one- or two atoms-thin metal layer. And that system makes this type of structure suitable to use in large orbiting radars and electronic surveillance systems. 

Image: https://astronomy.com/news/2022/03/developing-light-sail-technology-billows-into-the-future

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The new piezoelectric fabric hears the sound of the heart.

 

(An MIT team has designed an “acoustic fabric,” woven with a fiber that is designed from a “piezoelectric” material that produces an electrical signal when bent or mechanically deformed, providing a means for the fabric to convert sound vibrations into electrical signals. Credit: Greg Hren) (SciTechDaily/New “Acoustic Fabric” Hears Your Heart’s Sounds)

Piezoelectric nanotechnology is not a new thing. There is made research with fabric and clothes that can recharge mobile telephones. The idea of those systems is that the body movements can change to electricity by using piezoelectric fabric. But the same style of piezoelectric fibers can use as the fabric that can hear the heart. Or it can use as a microphone that can transform the resonance of layers to electric impulse and sound. 

The new acoustic fabric is made by using piezoelectric material. That material allows the fabric to hear the sound of the heart. And this thing makes it possible to create new intelligent clothes that are observing the condition of humans or animals. The clothes that are made by using this intelligent material can connect to the wristwatch-size computer that resends the biometric data to the mobile telephone. And the mobile telephone can communicate with any computer in the world. 

But the same system can use as the microphone. The user can put acoustic fabric against a table or to the wall. And that thing resends oscillation of the layer to the computer that can decode those signals to sound. The acoustic fabric can use in microphones that are looking like fabric boards. That thing opens new visions in the eavesdrop and recording tools. 

The same fabric can use to make new microphones that are allowing to hear things that are happening behind the wall. The idea of this kind of microphone is that the acoustic fabric is put against the wall. And then the user of that system can connect the fabric to the small computer and then to the mobile telephone. That allows sending the information about discussions to long-distance through the internet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-acoustic-fabric-hears-your-hearts-sounds/

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The transforming network is the next-generation tool for artificial intelligence.

Convolutional algorithms are imitating life. Like living organisms connect genomes the convolutional algorithms connect their program code. Program code is the genome of the computer algorithm. And that makes the convolutional neural networks and algorithms interesting. 

They are acting like living organisms. That means the convolutional computer programs are like virtual lifeforms where the organism is the computer code, that operates in the digital memory of the computer. 

In mathematics, convolution is the operation that happens between two functions, and that operation forms a new function. In computer sciences and especially in programming convolution is the case. When neural networks, computer programs, or algorithms connect or change their code. 

They form new neural networks, computer programs, or algorithms. The transforming networks are the most flexible versions of the convolution networks. The transforming method can use to interconnect two convolution networks.  In that method, the convolution network might have transforming subnetworks. 

In neural networks convolution means that the neural networks are interacting. And form a new neural network. The thing is that convolution of the algorithms means that the algorithms that are using that method are like living organisms. They can connect their code and create new algorithms. And that thing means that the convolutional neural networks are more flexible and more powerful than ever before. 

In the image, you might see the difference between transforming. And traditional convolutional neural networks. In a traditional neural network, the lower-level artificial neuron or data-handling unit is connected only to part of the upper-level or next-stage data handling units. In convolutional neural networks, the data handling units are connected to the entire line of the upper-level data handling units. That thing makes convolutional data handling systems more flexible and powerful than traditional computer systems. 

Image: Difference between traditional convolutional and transforming network.

The databases can also form neural networks that can be physical, virtual, or hybrid. 

The neural system can be physical, or it can be virtual or hybrid. Learning computer games is an example of a virtual neural system. The hybrid system means that certain parameter activates a series of databases. In the first line of the database, the series determine what the robot should do when it goes as an example into the shop.

In that case, when the robot goes into the shop its sensors activate the database structure or macro database where are orders how to operate in the shop. The first in database structure tells where to go. There is determined what the shelves are looking at and then the robot can walk to shelves. Then the operation in the linear programming structure moves to the next line or next step of the AI. 

Then next lines of database structure determine the next operations. When the robot goes into the shop. It starts to use its sensors and select merchandise. If the wanted merchandise is not on the shelf. 

The robot starts to search the alternative actions from its databases. The main processing unit sends the query to databases what it should do. 

The robot can walk to the clerk and ask for the merchandise. Or it can take the alternative product. There are the parameters of how the system should select the alternative products. 

And when the robot is paid for its purchases it goes to the street. There the central processing unit selects the database entirety that involves the street actions and loads it to the RAM-memory of the computer. 

The database can be individual or it can be the so-called macro database. The macro database means a database where are multiple sub-databases. The macro-database is the database group that is used for certain situations. 

The system can connect or remove connections between the databases and physical systems. 

 

The thing is that the neural network must have the ability to interconnect networks. But it must have also the possibility to remove or cut the connections between neural networks. We can think of this thing by using as an example the sensorial system that uses infrared and normal CCD-cameras for collecting traffic information. In the daytime, the system might use the normal CCD camera for calculating things like cars. When the light conditions turn low. 

The system might turn to use infrared cameras for making that operation. Also, the infrared system is suitable to use in fog. So when some parameters have been filled the network can cut off the unnecessary sensors. That removes unusable information from the system. The system can also connect the infrared and regular cameras in some cases. 

If that kind of system where normal, infrared, and radar systems are observing airspace there is possible that when one sensor sees something suspicious that activates other sensors that are targeted to that point. 

When artificial intelligence operates in laboratories in a fully controlled environment. And even if it operates perfectly, there is a long journey to so-called "street solutions". When robot walks on streets there are many more non-controlled variables than in some laboratories. Somebody can suddenly walk to robot's route. Or something unexpected like somebody getting a heart attack near a robot. 

Actions that those robots should do in those situations. Must program in their memory. The thing is that the databases of street operating robots are extremely large. And that thing means that they should connect in the form of a neural network where the system can search right action in each situation fast and trustable. The fact is that the neural network can be physical but it can also be a group of databases. 

The databases can be stored in the databank. They might be in series or macro databases. In macro databases, the sub-databases are stored under topics. Topics might be like this: "walking in the street", "going in the shop" and other things like that. When the robot goes into the shop it just selects the database series that is marked as "going in the shop". And then it will start to act like databases are determining, as I wrote earlier. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/will-transformers-take-over-artificial-intelligence-20220310/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution

Image: https://www.quantamagazine.org/will-transformers-take-over-artificial-intelligence-20220310/

Antiprotonic helium

Image 1: Model of antiprotonic helium. 

The antiprotons are orbiting helium atoms in super cold helium. And that material is called antiprotonic helium.

The antimatter physicists of CERN have created a new form of hybrid material. The antiprotons are put to orbit helium atoms in super cold helium liquid. These kinds of experiments are interesting. The energy level of antimatter is extremely high. 

And the annihilation reaction could use for ignition in fusion reactors. There are other hybrid materials where the material particle is connected to an antimatter particle. The hybrid materials where the antimatter particles are connected with regular material make it possible to store antimatter very effectively. 

The reason why antimatter experiments and storage must make at a temperature that is as near zero kelvin as possible is simple. The low temperature removes the oscillation of the material and antimatter. And that minimizes the possibility that mirror particles touch each other accidentally. 

The most common of those particle pairs are positronium (electron-positron pair) and protonium or antiprotonic hydrogen (proton-antiproton pair). The protonium is quite similar to positronium. Except for one thing. In protonium proton and antiproton replace electrons and positrons. Protons and antiprotons are much heavier than electrons and positrons. And that makes protonium more high-energetic than positronium. 

In that particle pair positron and electron are orbiting each other. There is the possibility to conduct electricity to one point by using those particle pairs. And they can uncover things like the existence of superstrings. The idea is that the electron and positron are enough lightweights and small particles that can resend energy to possible superstring. 

And then that energy load can make superstring visible. The idea is that. The energy load that is sent through positronium increases energy in hypothetical superstring. That means the interaction between superstring and that particle pair will turn stronger. 

The positronium is sometimes introduced to use as data storage. In that data storage information is loaded in the positron and electron. And that thing transforms them into qubits. Then the magnet will pull electrons in the quantum computer and the positron can collect or let annihilate. If the data storage will open unauthorized. The positronium will collapse. Then annihilation destroys entire information. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/icy-antimatter-experiment-surprises-physicists-20220316/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiprotonic_helium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonium

Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiprotonic_helium

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The next-generation quantum computers can use silicon-photonics interaction.

The next-generation quantum computers might be electron-microscope-size systems. And maybe we see the table-size quantum computer systems sooner than we expect. The new algorithms that are used for calculating quantum energy and quantum gravitation are extremely complicated. They require quantum computers for working. And that's why the development of the new quantum computers is important. 

The silicon carbide-based qubits or quantum computers can be the next-generation tools for quantum computing. Quantum computers are allowing to make AI-based solutions that are too heavy for binary computers. 

The silicon carbide can stabilize by using a low temperature or high pressure. And the combination of the pressure and low temperature allows making the long-term quantum entanglements between those atoms. 

Silicon carbide-based quantum computers could be fast and powerful systems. The problem with those so-called solid qubits is that they need adjusting and tuning for making the superposition and entanglement. In the silicon-photonic type of quantum systems, the photonics-based quantum entanglement will transmit energy and information to the silicon atom.

That will make superposition and entanglement with other atoms around it. That thing makes it possible to make more compact and more powerful systems that can operate at room temperature. The problem with quantum computers is that the system can maintain the quantum entanglement for only a limited time. 

The thing that makes quantum computers a little bit complicated is that the qubits must stabilize. The qubits stabilization can make by cooling the quantum computer to extremely low temperature. 

Another way to make the stabilization is to use pressure. Because silicon carbide is a solid material it can press by using metal plates and liquid. Or in the most exciting visions, the quantum systems can use magnetic pressure that stabilizes the qubit. 

The system can use the magnetic field to pull the metal plates to both sides of the silicon carbide plate. And that system can make the extremely stable condition in quantum computers. In the fusion tests, the researchers use the same technology. The stable magnetic field can stabilize qubits. And then the superpositioned and entangled photons can use to transmit data to that system.

After that, the quantum system must reset. And that thing limits the use of quantum computers. The silicon-based quantum computers can be the system where is one or two silicon(carbide) plates. There might be tubes where the photons will be superpositioned and entangled. Then the photons will transmit data to a silicon-based system. There are two possibilities to make the quantum entanglement in silicon-carbide. 

One is to make the superposition and entanglement in silicon carbide benefiting one layer. Or there is another way is to make that superposition and entanglement between two silicon carbide layers. Because silicon carbide is a solid material the stabilization of that material can create by using pressure. The combination of magnetic pressure and low temperature can use to make superposition and entanglement between atoms for a longer time than ever before. 

https://www.notebookcheck.net/Luminous-Computing-to-build-the-most-powerful-AI-supercomputer-with-silicon-photonics-technology.607717.0.html

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-quantum-molecular-energy.html

https://scitechdaily.com/faster-technique-for-resetting-qubits-in-quantum-computers/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-analysis-shows-promise-of-quantum-spintronics-based-on-silicon-carbide/

https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-set-record-by-preserving-quantum-states-in-silicon-carbide-for-more-than-five-seconds/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-secret-sauce-behind-exotic-properties-of-unusual-new-quantum-material/

Image: https://phys.org/news/2022-03-quantum-molecular-energy.html 

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The Chinese DJI drones are in use on both sides in the Ukraine war.

The Chinese DJI drones are not meant for military use. But they are easy to modify for military purposes. Even without modifications, the quadcopters are suitable for lightweight reconnaissance missions. So they can deliver information for ground troops and aerial vehicles about things like snipers and vehicles hiding in bushes. Same way drones can observe the airfields and the same drones can use for both civil and military purposes. 

But the fact is that drones can equip also with IR-camera and the laser ranger that can also point targets to missiles. The cheap price and easy to get make those systems suitable to search for things that are interesting criminals from the flats. Drones can fly outside the house and search for things like firearms. Or they can observe what people are doing with their computers. 

Those things are, of course, disturbing privacy. But criminals do not follow the law. 

Or two drones can use to take the triangular aiming from the target. That makes them excellent tools for artillery fire control. And of course, drones are easy to equip with things like pistols which makes them extremely dangerous. The drone can also be equipped with dynamite or thermobaric explosive. And those things make them very dangerous tools for terrorist organizations. 

The pistols can connect with a winch that pulls the trigger back. This type of drone can control from another side of Earth. In governmental use, those drones can use GPS pointer and remote recharge. Those remote recharge systems can use to give those small drones long-enduring and long-range operational capacity. The drone can recharge by using shipborne, ground-based, and satellite-based recharge systems. 

Those systems use high-power radio impulses for recharging batteries. Or they can use cloned electric cells of electric eel for making electricity for them. The only problem with those systems is how to deliver nutrients to the cells. 

And those systems can also drop from satellites. The drone can equip with a heat shield that allows it to travel through the atmosphere. Those systems are can make recon missions. But they can also use to eliminate single persons from the opposite side of Earth. 

https://hackaday.com/2022/03/17/wireless-charging-for-border-patrol-drones/?msclkid=7e9a3fe8a84a11ecbf60c12b310848ae

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/china-e2-80-99s-dji-and-its-billionaire-chief-put-in-an-awkward-spot-as-both-sides-in-ukraine-war-use-its-drones/ar-AAVcvcL#:~:text=Both%20Ukrainian%20and%20Russian%20militaries%20have%20been%20using,the%20%2415%20billion%20DJI%20into%20the%20European%20conflict.

A suitable power solution for small-size devices is to connect the command codes to the remote-loading systems.

All electromagnetic radiation is information. Wireless power transmission to small-size devices is a very good choice. The small-size miniature devices require a small-size power supply, and the problem with those devices is the space. The body might be smaller than a mosquito. 

But there must involve a computer, power device, and other electronics. That is needed for making those systems suitable to make something in extremely challenging conditions. The reason why miniature robots are created. 

Is that they must operate in places where the human cannot operate. The objects of those robots are things like tumors in the brains of the patients. Or they can use to clean blood veins from plaque. The military wants to use those systems for many purposes in recon and strike missions. But the problem is how to deliver electricity to those devices. The answer is wireless electric transfer. The high-power radio waves can transmit energy to the miniature robots. 

And there is the possibility to give commands by using that same power transmitting system. The radio-frequency-based remote power transmitting can be suitable when a robot operates in the human body. The thing that makes those systems suitable is that the cut of power transmit can do very easily. Just switching the radio transmitter off is enough to cut the operation of the robot. 

The new hybrid robots can be microchip-controlled immune cells or bacteria. In those systems, the immune cell will implant by using nano-size microchips. That is giving electric stimulation for that cell. In the wildest dreams, the nano-size microchips can lay on the surface of the neurons, and then those systems can stress that cell by using electric shocks. Those systems allow the brain can communicate straight with wireless communication systems like BlueTooth. That allows cell phones and other data systems to communicate straight with the cortex. 

The thing is that those microchips require energy. And the energy can transmit to them by using radio waves. This methodology can also use for making two-way communication between the computer and human brains without any surgical operations. The nanomachines slip into the human body, and then they will find their route to the brain. And after that, the system starts to interact with the computers. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/fastest-ever-information-engine/

The first time researchers created RNA molecules that replicate.

Self-replication of the RNA molecules is making it possible to create artificial organisms. Artificial organisms can use for many purposes. The genetically engineered bacteria can clean the human body from viruses. The idea is that artificial bacteria just eat viruses. And then they will close their ion pumps and die. And travel out of the body. The bacteria would just form the bag where the viruses are captured and then it stops its metabolism. 

Because bacteria are dying it cannot create more viruses. The artificial bacteria can also transform to stem cells by using genome transfer. Also, the bacteria can modify to make artificial retroviruses that can make genome transplant for people who have some kind of genetic disorder. 

But the artificial DNA and RNA molecules can also use for making the new type of nanomachines and artificial molecules. Genetic engineering can make it possible to increase the number of mitochondria in cells. And that thing makes them stronger. 

But artificial lifeforms can be much more complicated than we even think they could. 

There are three ways to benefit genetic engineering and biotechnology for robotics and computing. The size of the biorobot is not limited. And the ways how the robot can use biotechnology are listed here. 

1) Robots can use cloned neurons for making electricity for them. In that case, the electric cells that are making electricity for the animals like electric Eels can use to make electricity for robots. 

In some scenarios, the cells of fungus or vegetables are hybridized with those electric cells. And they can use it to make the electricity for the robots. 

2) The core of the robots can create by using diatomic cells. That thing is making it possible to make the core. That can fix its damages automatically. The bioships might not work in space but things like submarines can use those things. 

3) The robots can use the cloned neural tissue for making decisions. That means those systems have artificial brains that are working like normal brains. The brains that are made by using cloned neurons can use as biocomputers. 

Biological batteries are one of the most interesting targets for use of biotechnology.

The biological battery is the tank where is the cells are producing electricity. Those tanks can connect to series or parallel coupling. And that means the only thing that separates them from chemical batteries is that the electricity is produced in living cells. The electric eel can deliver electricity from 650 to 860 volts. And that kind of electricity can use to move large-size systems. Those cells that deliver that electricity can also be cloned or culture in cell cultures. 

When we think of things like robots that are using biological power sources the size of those robots might be very big. The thing is that the number of those cells determines the voltage that they can deliver.  The electric cells can use to deliver electricity to the mobile telephone as well as the ion engines of the spacecraft. In the last case. Electricity will first load to the battery. Which makes it possible to create high-voltage electricity. 

The thing is that the capacity of those electric cells is the only thing that limits their use. The large-size tanks with electric cells can load electricity to capacitors. And that can increase the voltage of those systems. And maybe someday in the future things like laptop computers can use biological electric cells in their batteries. The cells are needed only nutrients for making electricity. 

https://phys.org/news/2019-09-species-electric-eel-highest-voltage.html

https://scitechdaily.com/new-insight-into-possible-origins-of-life-for-the-first-time-researchers-create-an-rna-molecule-that-replicates/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Researchers uncover the reason for cosmic bubbles near the Milky Way.

Image 1) The cosmic bubbles at both sides of the Milky Way

The reason for cosmic bubbles near Milky Way galaxy is in the radiation of the Sagittarius A the supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy. When that radiation impacts the gas atoms above and below the Milky Way galaxy that thing causes the emission radiation. The effect is similar to the thing that happens in neutron bombs. 

The radiation effect will push the quantum fields of neutrons inside and load them with energy. When that energy transfer ends neutrons are sending radiation whose wavelength is the same as the diameter of the neutron. 

When radiation hits atoms or their quantum fields they are sending wave movement. Which is similar to neutron radiation. When that reflection radiation hits other atoms. That radiation pushes them away from each other. And this thing forms the cosmic bubble, where are fewer atoms than in other places universe.

https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-bubbles-expanding-from-the-milky-way-could-be-explained-by-a-single-event

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What makes this thing interesting. 

If we think the ability to make the electromagnetic field in the air that pushes atoms away from each other we could make the "Jedi effect". The lower pressure that can be made to the wanted direction from the object can be used to move the object. 

Making that kind of low-pressure bubble requires radio- or other electromagnetic radiation. The bubble can create by pointing electromagnetic radiation to the air molecules. And the reflection will push those molecules away from each other. 

If the exhaust gas of the jet engine is driven through the vacuum bubble the speed of exhaust gas increases. And that thing makes it possible to increase the aircraft's speed without using an afterburner.  

The electromagnetic bubble can also use to increase the thrust of jet engines. The idea is that the electromagnetic bubble is made just after the nozzle of the jet or plasma jet engine. And the engine will drive exhaust gas through that vacuum. 

The vacuum behind the jet engine increases the speed of exhaust gas. Because the exhaust gas must travel through a vacuum before they impact with air. That thing can make more speed to the exhaust gas without an afterburner. The vacuum bubble behind the jet engine can form by using microwave or laser systems. And the similar bubble can work with electric- and regular jet engines. 

The thing that makes the electric jet or pulsed plasma turbine (PPT) very suitable for jet fighters is that another aircraft cannot fly behind that engine. The ionized gas protects at least partially the aircraft. Against the missiles that are shot from the back. 

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