NASA launched the BOLT-II mission for researching hypersonic flight

The fact is that hypersonic systems are not always big. And they might seem very much about the normal rockets. Hypersonic aerial vehicles can also use conventional rocket engines for reaching hypersonic speed. The BOLT-II is hoped to collect information about the world. That is beyond the supersonic world.  Hypersonic aircraft need new ideas for making operations secure. 

There is a small metal profile in the rocket. And that profile tests what shape is right for a larger hypersonic vehicle. In image 2 you can see how small the BOLT-II is. And there is also an image of that profile that is used as an aerodynamic test unit in that mission. 

Image 2) The bolt II vehicle (Far right and far left) And the carrying rocket (Middle) 

Hypersonic flight causes extreme stress on the aerodynamic control levels. And that's why the problem is how to turn the hypersonic vehicle during its flight in the atmosphere. The solution is how to change the course of the hypersonic vehicle can be the air channel that travels through the aircraft. There are branches in that tube. That begins at the nose of the hypersonic vehicle. 

The ventilation will aim the airflow to the right branch. And that turns the vehicle. The BOLT-II that is launched from Wallops Island. Is a demonstration that hypersonic vehicles are not necessarily large. Even fighter aircraft can carry small-size hypersonic vehicles. Those vehicles can carry small satellites to suborbital or ballistic trajectories. 

Or they can use as missiles. Those small-size hypersonic missiles are effective, especially against ships. But as you know those systems are multi-use. And they can use in many different missions in peace and war. And hypersonic technology is a new and interesting area in aviation. 

https://www.techeblog.com/nasa-bolt-ii-rocket-launch-hypersonic-speed/

https://theconversation.com/the-bolt-ii-hypersonic-flight-test-could-bring-superfast-global-travel-a-step-closer-179556

https://eurasiantimes.com/nasas-successful-launch-of-bolt-ii-can-make-lightning-fast-travel/?amp

Images:

https://www.techeblog.com/nasa-bolt-ii-rocket-launch-hypersonic-speed/

https://theconversation.com/the-bolt-ii-hypersonic-flight-test-could-bring-superfast-global-travel-a-step-closer-179556

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The models for the self-operating nanorobots are from nature.

Image 1) (Pinterst)

Biotechnology allows the creation of artificial DNA. That allows making the artificial bacteria for certain purposes. 

Bacteria are a good example of biorobots. DNA molecules control every single action of those things. But, there are not many operations that bacteria can do. The number of actions depends on the number of the DNA types of the bacteria. The things that are controlling bacteria are simple but effective. The size of the control code is not important. The important thing is how the system uses the code is important. There are not many base pairs in the DNA of bacteria. But those base-pairs are controlling their everyday actions very effectively. 

When some chemical sensor of bacteria faces some problem like an antibody. That thing triggers bacteria to create slime for its safety. And the thing that triggers that action is the small bite of DNA or RNA that the sensor creates when it faces something that might affect the bacteria. And that causes the bacteria can react to those things. 

The DNA plasmids are the brains of bacteria. They are chemical computer programs that are controlling the everyday actions of bacteria. Bacteria are a good example for the biorobots. They are controlled by the DNA molecules. And they can operate quite independently. 

The main problem with the small-size nanorobots is their small size. There should put the microprocessor the power source and the hard disk where is the data that the system uses. But the fact is that the smallest possible nanomachines are molecule-size systems that are using enzymes for the programs how to operate. 

To the surface of molecular nanomachine are the enzymes or nutrients that are making things like immune cells carry those nanomachines to the wanted target. 

Chemical programming like the series of certain enzymes can use to carry the molecular-size machines to the right point.  The idea is that certain chemicals are causing an effect that the enzyme is starting to move the molecule. And each enzyme or chemical on the core of the molecular machine is reacting with a certain counter chemical. That means the molecular machine can make certain series of operations. 

But the thing is that the nanomachine should have the ability to make more complicated operations there is the possibility to equip the bacteria with synthetic DNA plasmids. That DNA plasmid is like a chemical computer program that allows synthetic bacteria to make complicated operations. The genetically engineered bacteria can reprogram by chancing the DNA plasmid inside its core. 

The new AI-generated protein can wake silenced genes. And that thing makes it possible to create artificial bacteria that can make many things. The DNA inside those bacteria is like a computer program. And another genome can be for normal use. And another could be for special missions. Like searching and destroying harmful cells. That genome can be silenced. But when the researchers find harmful cells. That protein can activate the silenced genome. 

Image 2) 

The nano-size microprocessors and hybridization between robots and cloned neurons are making nanorobots more multi-use than ever before. If the robot uses cloned neurons as the biocomputers that means the robot needs nutrients. 

And that machine can take nutrients can be the blood cells where the nutrients are loaded. If the nanomachine swims in blood veins. That system can use the same nutrient as people.

Image two (Image 2) is  "the artistic depiction of DNA nanomachine with protein cargo, surrounded by other protein subunits in solution". (Phys.org/Autonomous nanomachines inspired by nature). 

But it could portray a nanomachine loader that uses a small generator. For delivering electricity to those machines. 

When we are thinking the autonomous nanomachines the problem is how to make the needed microprocessors and power source fit in the robot? There is the possibility that the nanorobot can be a small cyborg. The artificial structure can involve the cloned neuron that gives electricity to the small engines and computers in that small-size system. That system can be the hybridization between the neuron and the small-size machine. 

And nanotechnology makes it possible to create energy for extremely small-size systems. There is the possibility to use the hemoglobin and small gold plates to make electricity for the nano-size robots. The nano-size microprocessors can use similar technology. That the regular drone swarms are using. 

Drone swarms use decentralized data processing. Where microprocessors share their capacity. That makes it possible to create independently operating nano-robot swarms. For power supply is introduced the electric cells of the electric eel. Or there is the possibility that the energy delivery units are landing on the surface of neurons.

And those systems can also communicate between the neurons and transmit the control code to nanomachines. Or the nanomachine androids can use living neurons for delivering control signals and electricity for the robot. The possibilities of the nanomachines are limitless. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-autonomous-nanomachines-nature.html

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-designed-protein-can-awaken-silenced-genes-one-by-one/

Image 2)https://phys.org/news/2022-03-autonomous-nanomachines-nature.html

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The solar sail technology is multi-use.

The same technology is used to make kilometer-size solar sail can use also for making large-size solar panels that can send to the orbiter. And similar mylar layers can use to make large-size radar and electronic surveillance antennas that are orbiting the earth. 

And the large-size mylar structures can also use for making the large radio telescopes that can send away from Kuiper Belt. Electricity to those systems can deliver by using lasers. And the core of those large sails can cover by using silicon atoms. 

Researchers have created an idea to send large solar sails to Alpha Centauri by using powerful laser systems. In that project, the idea is to use extremely powerful lasers for accelerating the solar sail to journey to the Alpha Centauri system. 

The same technology is used to make kilometer-size solar sail can use also for making large-size solar panels that can send to the orbiter. And similar mylar layers can use to make large-size radar and electronic surveillance antennas that are orbiting the earth. 

The light- or solar sail technology can take probes to Mars and farther at a cheap price. The solar sail is a large sail that is made by using mylar or some other strong material. The idea of a solar sail is that the solar wind is blowing that thing away from the sun. And in some visions, solar sails would give more energy from lasers that are accelerating that thing away from the solar system. The idea is that the solar sail can use the large mylar sail structure as a communication antenna. 

And if a large-size mylar layer is covered with silicon atoms. That system can use to make large-scale solar panels. And maybe the power satellites are true sooner than we think. 

The thrust of solar sail can increase by covering the mylar layer with a thin layer of iced gas. When lasers hit that gas it vaporizes and then it increases its thrust. The solar sail is an interesting system because the same concepts can use for sending large-size structures to space. 

The same technology is used in solar sails. Can use in large-scale radio telescopes and radar antennas. Those large-size antennas can monitor astronomical radio objects. Or they can use in very high powerful and accurate radars and signal intelligence systems. 

An extremely thin mylar layer can cover by a one- or two atoms-thin metal layer. And that system makes this type of structure suitable to use in large orbiting radars and electronic surveillance systems. 

The light- or solar sail technology can take probes to Mars and farther at a cheap price. The solar sail is a large sail that is made by using mylar or some other strong material. The idea of a solar sail is that the solar wind is blowing that thing away from the sun. And in some visions, solar sails would give more energy from lasers that are accelerating that thing away from the solar system. The idea is that the solar sail can use the large mylar sail structure as a communication antenna. 

And if a large-size mylar layer is covered with silicon atoms. That system can use to make large-scale solar panels. And maybe the power satellites are true sooner than we think. 

The thrust of solar sail can increase by covering the mylar layer with a thin layer of iced gas. When lasers hit that gas it vaporizes and then it increases its thrust. The solar sail is an interesting system because the same concepts can use for sending large-size structures to space. 

The same technology is used in solar sails. Can use in large-scale radio telescopes and radar antennas. Those large-size antennas can monitor astronomical radio objects. Or they can use in very high powerful and accurate radars and signal intelligence systems. 

An extremely thin mylar layer can cover by a one- or two atoms-thin metal layer. And that system makes this type of structure suitable to use in large orbiting radars and electronic surveillance systems. 

Image: https://astronomy.com/news/2022/03/developing-light-sail-technology-billows-into-the-future

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The new piezoelectric fabric hears the sound of the heart.

 

(An MIT team has designed an “acoustic fabric,” woven with a fiber that is designed from a “piezoelectric” material that produces an electrical signal when bent or mechanically deformed, providing a means for the fabric to convert sound vibrations into electrical signals. Credit: Greg Hren) (SciTechDaily/New “Acoustic Fabric” Hears Your Heart’s Sounds)

Piezoelectric nanotechnology is not a new thing. There is made research with fabric and clothes that can recharge mobile telephones. The idea of those systems is that the body movements can change to electricity by using piezoelectric fabric. But the same style of piezoelectric fibers can use as the fabric that can hear the heart. Or it can use as a microphone that can transform the resonance of layers to electric impulse and sound. 

The new acoustic fabric is made by using piezoelectric material. That material allows the fabric to hear the sound of the heart. And this thing makes it possible to create new intelligent clothes that are observing the condition of humans or animals. The clothes that are made by using this intelligent material can connect to the wristwatch-size computer that resends the biometric data to the mobile telephone. And the mobile telephone can communicate with any computer in the world. 

But the same system can use as the microphone. The user can put acoustic fabric against a table or to the wall. And that thing resends oscillation of the layer to the computer that can decode those signals to sound. The acoustic fabric can use in microphones that are looking like fabric boards. That thing opens new visions in the eavesdrop and recording tools. 

The same fabric can use to make new microphones that are allowing to hear things that are happening behind the wall. The idea of this kind of microphone is that the acoustic fabric is put against the wall. And then the user of that system can connect the fabric to the small computer and then to the mobile telephone. That allows sending the information about discussions to long-distance through the internet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-acoustic-fabric-hears-your-hearts-sounds/

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The transforming network is the next-generation tool for artificial intelligence.

Convolutional algorithms are imitating life. Like living organisms connect genomes the convolutional algorithms connect their program code. Program code is the genome of the computer algorithm. And that makes the convolutional neural networks and algorithms interesting. 

They are acting like living organisms. That means the convolutional computer programs are like virtual lifeforms where the organism is the computer code, that operates in the digital memory of the computer. 

In mathematics, convolution is the operation that happens between two functions, and that operation forms a new function. In computer sciences and especially in programming convolution is the case. When neural networks, computer programs, or algorithms connect or change their code. 

They form new neural networks, computer programs, or algorithms. The transforming networks are the most flexible versions of the convolution networks. The transforming method can use to interconnect two convolution networks.  In that method, the convolution network might have transforming subnetworks. 

In neural networks convolution means that the neural networks are interacting. And form a new neural network. The thing is that convolution of the algorithms means that the algorithms that are using that method are like living organisms. They can connect their code and create new algorithms. And that thing means that the convolutional neural networks are more flexible and more powerful than ever before. 

In the image, you might see the difference between transforming. And traditional convolutional neural networks. In a traditional neural network, the lower-level artificial neuron or data-handling unit is connected only to part of the upper-level or next-stage data handling units. In convolutional neural networks, the data handling units are connected to the entire line of the upper-level data handling units. That thing makes convolutional data handling systems more flexible and powerful than traditional computer systems. 

Image: Difference between traditional convolutional and transforming network.

The databases can also form neural networks that can be physical, virtual, or hybrid. 

The neural system can be physical, or it can be virtual or hybrid. Learning computer games is an example of a virtual neural system. The hybrid system means that certain parameter activates a series of databases. In the first line of the database, the series determine what the robot should do when it goes as an example into the shop.

In that case, when the robot goes into the shop its sensors activate the database structure or macro database where are orders how to operate in the shop. The first in database structure tells where to go. There is determined what the shelves are looking at and then the robot can walk to shelves. Then the operation in the linear programming structure moves to the next line or next step of the AI. 

Then next lines of database structure determine the next operations. When the robot goes into the shop. It starts to use its sensors and select merchandise. If the wanted merchandise is not on the shelf. 

The robot starts to search the alternative actions from its databases. The main processing unit sends the query to databases what it should do. 

The robot can walk to the clerk and ask for the merchandise. Or it can take the alternative product. There are the parameters of how the system should select the alternative products. 

And when the robot is paid for its purchases it goes to the street. There the central processing unit selects the database entirety that involves the street actions and loads it to the RAM-memory of the computer. 

The database can be individual or it can be the so-called macro database. The macro database means a database where are multiple sub-databases. The macro-database is the database group that is used for certain situations. 

The system can connect or remove connections between the databases and physical systems. 

 

The thing is that the neural network must have the ability to interconnect networks. But it must have also the possibility to remove or cut the connections between neural networks. We can think of this thing by using as an example the sensorial system that uses infrared and normal CCD-cameras for collecting traffic information. In the daytime, the system might use the normal CCD camera for calculating things like cars. When the light conditions turn low. 

The system might turn to use infrared cameras for making that operation. Also, the infrared system is suitable to use in fog. So when some parameters have been filled the network can cut off the unnecessary sensors. That removes unusable information from the system. The system can also connect the infrared and regular cameras in some cases. 

If that kind of system where normal, infrared, and radar systems are observing airspace there is possible that when one sensor sees something suspicious that activates other sensors that are targeted to that point. 

When artificial intelligence operates in laboratories in a fully controlled environment. And even if it operates perfectly, there is a long journey to so-called "street solutions". When robot walks on streets there are many more non-controlled variables than in some laboratories. Somebody can suddenly walk to robot's route. Or something unexpected like somebody getting a heart attack near a robot. 

Actions that those robots should do in those situations. Must program in their memory. The thing is that the databases of street operating robots are extremely large. And that thing means that they should connect in the form of a neural network where the system can search right action in each situation fast and trustable. The fact is that the neural network can be physical but it can also be a group of databases. 

The databases can be stored in the databank. They might be in series or macro databases. In macro databases, the sub-databases are stored under topics. Topics might be like this: "walking in the street", "going in the shop" and other things like that. When the robot goes into the shop it just selects the database series that is marked as "going in the shop". And then it will start to act like databases are determining, as I wrote earlier. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/will-transformers-take-over-artificial-intelligence-20220310/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution

Image: https://www.quantamagazine.org/will-transformers-take-over-artificial-intelligence-20220310/

Antiprotonic helium

Image 1: Model of antiprotonic helium. 

The antiprotons are orbiting helium atoms in super cold helium. And that material is called antiprotonic helium.

The antimatter physicists of CERN have created a new form of hybrid material. The antiprotons are put to orbit helium atoms in super cold helium liquid. These kinds of experiments are interesting. The energy level of antimatter is extremely high. 

And the annihilation reaction could use for ignition in fusion reactors. There are other hybrid materials where the material particle is connected to an antimatter particle. The hybrid materials where the antimatter particles are connected with regular material make it possible to store antimatter very effectively. 

The reason why antimatter experiments and storage must make at a temperature that is as near zero kelvin as possible is simple. The low temperature removes the oscillation of the material and antimatter. And that minimizes the possibility that mirror particles touch each other accidentally. 

The most common of those particle pairs are positronium (electron-positron pair) and protonium or antiprotonic hydrogen (proton-antiproton pair). The protonium is quite similar to positronium. Except for one thing. In protonium proton and antiproton replace electrons and positrons. Protons and antiprotons are much heavier than electrons and positrons. And that makes protonium more high-energetic than positronium. 

In that particle pair positron and electron are orbiting each other. There is the possibility to conduct electricity to one point by using those particle pairs. And they can uncover things like the existence of superstrings. The idea is that the electron and positron are enough lightweights and small particles that can resend energy to possible superstring. 

And then that energy load can make superstring visible. The idea is that. The energy load that is sent through positronium increases energy in hypothetical superstring. That means the interaction between superstring and that particle pair will turn stronger. 

The positronium is sometimes introduced to use as data storage. In that data storage information is loaded in the positron and electron. And that thing transforms them into qubits. Then the magnet will pull electrons in the quantum computer and the positron can collect or let annihilate. If the data storage will open unauthorized. The positronium will collapse. Then annihilation destroys entire information. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/icy-antimatter-experiment-surprises-physicists-20220316/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiprotonic_helium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonium

Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiprotonic_helium

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The next-generation quantum computers can use silicon-photonics interaction.

The next-generation quantum computers might be electron-microscope-size systems. And maybe we see the table-size quantum computer systems sooner than we expect. The new algorithms that are used for calculating quantum energy and quantum gravitation are extremely complicated. They require quantum computers for working. And that's why the development of the new quantum computers is important. 

The silicon carbide-based qubits or quantum computers can be the next-generation tools for quantum computing. Quantum computers are allowing to make AI-based solutions that are too heavy for binary computers. 

The silicon carbide can stabilize by using a low temperature or high pressure. And the combination of the pressure and low temperature allows making the long-term quantum entanglements between those atoms. 

Silicon carbide-based quantum computers could be fast and powerful systems. The problem with those so-called solid qubits is that they need adjusting and tuning for making the superposition and entanglement. In the silicon-photonic type of quantum systems, the photonics-based quantum entanglement will transmit energy and information to the silicon atom.

That will make superposition and entanglement with other atoms around it. That thing makes it possible to make more compact and more powerful systems that can operate at room temperature. The problem with quantum computers is that the system can maintain the quantum entanglement for only a limited time. 

The thing that makes quantum computers a little bit complicated is that the qubits must stabilize. The qubits stabilization can make by cooling the quantum computer to extremely low temperature. 

Another way to make the stabilization is to use pressure. Because silicon carbide is a solid material it can press by using metal plates and liquid. Or in the most exciting visions, the quantum systems can use magnetic pressure that stabilizes the qubit. 

The system can use the magnetic field to pull the metal plates to both sides of the silicon carbide plate. And that system can make the extremely stable condition in quantum computers. In the fusion tests, the researchers use the same technology. The stable magnetic field can stabilize qubits. And then the superpositioned and entangled photons can use to transmit data to that system.

After that, the quantum system must reset. And that thing limits the use of quantum computers. The silicon-based quantum computers can be the system where is one or two silicon(carbide) plates. There might be tubes where the photons will be superpositioned and entangled. Then the photons will transmit data to a silicon-based system. There are two possibilities to make the quantum entanglement in silicon-carbide. 

One is to make the superposition and entanglement in silicon carbide benefiting one layer. Or there is another way is to make that superposition and entanglement between two silicon carbide layers. Because silicon carbide is a solid material the stabilization of that material can create by using pressure. The combination of magnetic pressure and low temperature can use to make superposition and entanglement between atoms for a longer time than ever before. 

https://www.notebookcheck.net/Luminous-Computing-to-build-the-most-powerful-AI-supercomputer-with-silicon-photonics-technology.607717.0.html

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-quantum-molecular-energy.html

https://scitechdaily.com/faster-technique-for-resetting-qubits-in-quantum-computers/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-analysis-shows-promise-of-quantum-spintronics-based-on-silicon-carbide/

https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-set-record-by-preserving-quantum-states-in-silicon-carbide-for-more-than-five-seconds/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-secret-sauce-behind-exotic-properties-of-unusual-new-quantum-material/

Image: https://phys.org/news/2022-03-quantum-molecular-energy.html 

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The Chinese DJI drones are in use on both sides in the Ukraine war.

The Chinese DJI drones are not meant for military use. But they are easy to modify for military purposes. Even without modifications, the quadcopters are suitable for lightweight reconnaissance missions. So they can deliver information for ground troops and aerial vehicles about things like snipers and vehicles hiding in bushes. Same way drones can observe the airfields and the same drones can use for both civil and military purposes. 

But the fact is that drones can equip also with IR-camera and the laser ranger that can also point targets to missiles. The cheap price and easy to get make those systems suitable to search for things that are interesting criminals from the flats. Drones can fly outside the house and search for things like firearms. Or they can observe what people are doing with their computers. 

Those things are, of course, disturbing privacy. But criminals do not follow the law. 

Or two drones can use to take the triangular aiming from the target. That makes them excellent tools for artillery fire control. And of course, drones are easy to equip with things like pistols which makes them extremely dangerous. The drone can also be equipped with dynamite or thermobaric explosive. And those things make them very dangerous tools for terrorist organizations. 

The pistols can connect with a winch that pulls the trigger back. This type of drone can control from another side of Earth. In governmental use, those drones can use GPS pointer and remote recharge. Those remote recharge systems can use to give those small drones long-enduring and long-range operational capacity. The drone can recharge by using shipborne, ground-based, and satellite-based recharge systems. 

Those systems use high-power radio impulses for recharging batteries. Or they can use cloned electric cells of electric eel for making electricity for them. The only problem with those systems is how to deliver nutrients to the cells. 

And those systems can also drop from satellites. The drone can equip with a heat shield that allows it to travel through the atmosphere. Those systems are can make recon missions. But they can also use to eliminate single persons from the opposite side of Earth. 

https://hackaday.com/2022/03/17/wireless-charging-for-border-patrol-drones/?msclkid=7e9a3fe8a84a11ecbf60c12b310848ae

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/china-e2-80-99s-dji-and-its-billionaire-chief-put-in-an-awkward-spot-as-both-sides-in-ukraine-war-use-its-drones/ar-AAVcvcL#:~:text=Both%20Ukrainian%20and%20Russian%20militaries%20have%20been%20using,the%20%2415%20billion%20DJI%20into%20the%20European%20conflict.

A suitable power solution for small-size devices is to connect the command codes to the remote-loading systems.

All electromagnetic radiation is information. Wireless power transmission to small-size devices is a very good choice. The small-size miniature devices require a small-size power supply, and the problem with those devices is the space. The body might be smaller than a mosquito. 

But there must involve a computer, power device, and other electronics. That is needed for making those systems suitable to make something in extremely challenging conditions. The reason why miniature robots are created. 

Is that they must operate in places where the human cannot operate. The objects of those robots are things like tumors in the brains of the patients. Or they can use to clean blood veins from plaque. The military wants to use those systems for many purposes in recon and strike missions. But the problem is how to deliver electricity to those devices. The answer is wireless electric transfer. The high-power radio waves can transmit energy to the miniature robots. 

And there is the possibility to give commands by using that same power transmitting system. The radio-frequency-based remote power transmitting can be suitable when a robot operates in the human body. The thing that makes those systems suitable is that the cut of power transmit can do very easily. Just switching the radio transmitter off is enough to cut the operation of the robot. 

The new hybrid robots can be microchip-controlled immune cells or bacteria. In those systems, the immune cell will implant by using nano-size microchips. That is giving electric stimulation for that cell. In the wildest dreams, the nano-size microchips can lay on the surface of the neurons, and then those systems can stress that cell by using electric shocks. Those systems allow the brain can communicate straight with wireless communication systems like BlueTooth. That allows cell phones and other data systems to communicate straight with the cortex. 

The thing is that those microchips require energy. And the energy can transmit to them by using radio waves. This methodology can also use for making two-way communication between the computer and human brains without any surgical operations. The nanomachines slip into the human body, and then they will find their route to the brain. And after that, the system starts to interact with the computers. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/fastest-ever-information-engine/

The first time researchers created RNA molecules that replicate.

Self-replication of the RNA molecules is making it possible to create artificial organisms. Artificial organisms can use for many purposes. The genetically engineered bacteria can clean the human body from viruses. The idea is that artificial bacteria just eat viruses. And then they will close their ion pumps and die. And travel out of the body. The bacteria would just form the bag where the viruses are captured and then it stops its metabolism. 

Because bacteria are dying it cannot create more viruses. The artificial bacteria can also transform to stem cells by using genome transfer. Also, the bacteria can modify to make artificial retroviruses that can make genome transplant for people who have some kind of genetic disorder. 

But the artificial DNA and RNA molecules can also use for making the new type of nanomachines and artificial molecules. Genetic engineering can make it possible to increase the number of mitochondria in cells. And that thing makes them stronger. 

But artificial lifeforms can be much more complicated than we even think they could. 

There are three ways to benefit genetic engineering and biotechnology for robotics and computing. The size of the biorobot is not limited. And the ways how the robot can use biotechnology are listed here. 

1) Robots can use cloned neurons for making electricity for them. In that case, the electric cells that are making electricity for the animals like electric Eels can use to make electricity for robots. 

In some scenarios, the cells of fungus or vegetables are hybridized with those electric cells. And they can use it to make the electricity for the robots. 

2) The core of the robots can create by using diatomic cells. That thing is making it possible to make the core. That can fix its damages automatically. The bioships might not work in space but things like submarines can use those things. 

3) The robots can use the cloned neural tissue for making decisions. That means those systems have artificial brains that are working like normal brains. The brains that are made by using cloned neurons can use as biocomputers. 

Biological batteries are one of the most interesting targets for use of biotechnology.

The biological battery is the tank where is the cells are producing electricity. Those tanks can connect to series or parallel coupling. And that means the only thing that separates them from chemical batteries is that the electricity is produced in living cells. The electric eel can deliver electricity from 650 to 860 volts. And that kind of electricity can use to move large-size systems. Those cells that deliver that electricity can also be cloned or culture in cell cultures. 

When we think of things like robots that are using biological power sources the size of those robots might be very big. The thing is that the number of those cells determines the voltage that they can deliver.  The electric cells can use to deliver electricity to the mobile telephone as well as the ion engines of the spacecraft. In the last case. Electricity will first load to the battery. Which makes it possible to create high-voltage electricity. 

The thing is that the capacity of those electric cells is the only thing that limits their use. The large-size tanks with electric cells can load electricity to capacitors. And that can increase the voltage of those systems. And maybe someday in the future things like laptop computers can use biological electric cells in their batteries. The cells are needed only nutrients for making electricity. 

https://phys.org/news/2019-09-species-electric-eel-highest-voltage.html

https://scitechdaily.com/new-insight-into-possible-origins-of-life-for-the-first-time-researchers-create-an-rna-molecule-that-replicates/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Researchers uncover the reason for cosmic bubbles near the Milky Way.

Image 1) The cosmic bubbles at both sides of the Milky Way

The reason for cosmic bubbles near Milky Way galaxy is in the radiation of the Sagittarius A the supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy. When that radiation impacts the gas atoms above and below the Milky Way galaxy that thing causes the emission radiation. The effect is similar to the thing that happens in neutron bombs. 

The radiation effect will push the quantum fields of neutrons inside and load them with energy. When that energy transfer ends neutrons are sending radiation whose wavelength is the same as the diameter of the neutron. 

When radiation hits atoms or their quantum fields they are sending wave movement. Which is similar to neutron radiation. When that reflection radiation hits other atoms. That radiation pushes them away from each other. And this thing forms the cosmic bubble, where are fewer atoms than in other places universe.

https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-bubbles-expanding-from-the-milky-way-could-be-explained-by-a-single-event

Image) https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-bubbles-expanding-from-the-milky-way-could-be-explained-by-a-single-event

Image: Pinterest

What makes this thing interesting. 

If we think the ability to make the electromagnetic field in the air that pushes atoms away from each other we could make the "Jedi effect". The lower pressure that can be made to the wanted direction from the object can be used to move the object. 

Making that kind of low-pressure bubble requires radio- or other electromagnetic radiation. The bubble can create by pointing electromagnetic radiation to the air molecules. And the reflection will push those molecules away from each other. 

If the exhaust gas of the jet engine is driven through the vacuum bubble the speed of exhaust gas increases. And that thing makes it possible to increase the aircraft's speed without using an afterburner.  

The electromagnetic bubble can also use to increase the thrust of jet engines. The idea is that the electromagnetic bubble is made just after the nozzle of the jet or plasma jet engine. And the engine will drive exhaust gas through that vacuum. 

The vacuum behind the jet engine increases the speed of exhaust gas. Because the exhaust gas must travel through a vacuum before they impact with air. That thing can make more speed to the exhaust gas without an afterburner. The vacuum bubble behind the jet engine can form by using microwave or laser systems. And the similar bubble can work with electric- and regular jet engines. 

The thing that makes the electric jet or pulsed plasma turbine (PPT) very suitable for jet fighters is that another aircraft cannot fly behind that engine. The ionized gas protects at least partially the aircraft. Against the missiles that are shot from the back. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The 3D printer technology is used to make fully working electric jet engines.

The new uses for 3D printing technology are jet engines and aircraft parts. The thing that makes material sometimes weak in 3D printing is that the air is making bubbles in structure. Metal-based 3D printing is a similar thing to other metal castings. In that process, the system operators must avoid oxygen slips in the 3D printing. Normally air is the thing that makes bubbles and oxides in the layer. 

So that's why the 3D printer should operate in the vacuum chamber that is removing the air from the system and denies oxidation. When the 3D printer is making merchandise. that system is making things by welding them layer by layer. So the product looks like a croissant that is made by using metals or carbon fiber. 

The problem is that when the gasses like air or oxygen slips between those layers it causes bubbles and oxidation. That slag material is making the discontinuity in the merchandise. And this is the reason why the gas must remove around the working area. The metal-based 3D printer is a modified MIG welding machine.  There is also possible to connect the laser system to that 3D printing system. The laser measures the dimensions of the parts. And the laser can also be used for finishing those parts. 

The developing technology allows for the creation of more qualified machines and machine parts. 3D printer technology can use to make car engines, like bocks and pistons, other machine parts, turbines, and even cannons for military use. The only thing that limits the system is the operating temperature. The high-temperature systems can make the system operate with stronger metals like steel, titanium, and chrome. 

The 3D printer technology is developed in NASA and other space agencies. That kind of system is more flexible than carrying some spare parts with them. The 3D printer systems can also use to fix holes in the body of spacecraft. So they are extremely powerful systems in space and other technical industries. 

The metal-based 3D printing technology allows making the gun parts and guns. The 3D printer systems are also used to make parts for high-stress points in super- and hypersonic aircraft. The 3D printer systems can combine with CAD programs. And they can turn to ultimate CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing). 

https://3dgence.com/3dnews/3d-printing-aircraft/

https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/integzas-latest-3d-printing-project-a-working-electric-jet-engine-205427/

https://www.3dsourced.com/guides/3d-printed-wind-turbine/

https://amfg.ai/2019/05/28/7-exciting-examples-of-3d-printing-in-the-automotive-industry/

https://www.designnews.com/stub/massive-3d-printer-could-build-engine-blocks

https://www.futurebridge.com/industry/perspectives-mobility/3d-printing-a-technology-that-can-print-cars-in-future-on-a-mass-scale/

https://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/feature3d-printing-helping-to-shape-the-future-of-gas-turbines-4204249/

https://press.siemens.com/global/en/pressrelease/first-3d-printed-gas-turbine-blades-siemens-awarded-american-society-mechanical

https://www.zhdlen.com/3d-printed-engine-block/

The next models not made of steel: 

https://wonderfulengineering.com/3d-printed-car-engines/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) is the next-generation user interface.

The technical remote view makes it possible to create BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) without any visible things like implanted microchips or electrode hats. The idea is that the radio wave is acting as a carrier wave. 

That carrier wave transmits the EEG to the antenna in a computer. The transmitter will be behind the head. And when the computer sends the receiving it will send the synthetic EEG to the receiver that is behind the user. 

The technical remote-view normally means that the radio wave is shot through the human brain. That radio wave acts as the carrier wave that carries the EEG to the computer. That system can use to make the next generation BCI systems that interact directly with the computers. 

That thing makes it possible to create a new type of simulated reality. Where the person can control virtual things in the memory of the computer.

But there is possible to connect these kinds of systems with physical robots. When a person controls a physical robot by using the BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) that thing is called "the enhanced reality". That means the person is controlling things like nanorobots or human-looking robots by using the EEG signals. 

When we are thinking of the movies like TRON. That kind of thing where people are living in a simulation might be partially true. If we want to create the BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) that doesn't require implanted microchips or some kind of electrode hat that transmits the EEG to the computer there is another way to connect brains to computers. The system can simply shoot the radio wave through the brain. 

And then that radio wave acts as a carrier that makes it the computer possible to observe the EEG of the human brain from remote distances. The EEG will transmit to the receiving antenna and then to the computer. And the system can interact with brains by sending the data from the computer through the brains to the receiver that is behind the user of this type of wireless BCI system. 

Scientists observed memories from human brains.

For the first time, scientists see what happens in brains. When people see things. Every single sensor that person has its neuron group. That neuron group stores the stimulus, that comes from a certain sensor. 

When a person gets some stimulus from the senses. That stimulus activates certain neuron groups in the brain. When a person hears some voice that has a connection with something that means something to the person that thing launches the emotional reaction. 

This kind of research is important for criminal investigators who must make sure that person tells truth. If somebody makes the faked police report of the violence the system sees that the memory neurons are activating. 

But because there is no emotional connection with the case. The faked story doesn't activate the neuron that is controlling the feelings. Also in the case of violence, the neurons that are handling the memories. Which are connected to touch are not activating. 

Reading memories from brains is theoretically a very simple thing. An idea of this system is that a certain image activates a certain group of neurons. Researchers must only show something like a spider or some other item to the person.

And then, the system sees what brain areas are activating during those things. The problem is, how to connect the certain neuron group with the certain memory? This kind of research is interesting. And maybe someday of tomorrow researchers can see other people's memories from the computer screen.

The research of the neurons. And especially memories make a revolution in learning and computing. Our skills are memories. If we know how memories are forming we can program our brains like computers. And that thing opens interesting visions for tomorrow. The knowledge of how our neurons are learning can use for creating new learning neural networks. And interconnect the internet with our brains. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/scientists-watch-a-memory-form-in-a-living-brain-20220303/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Hypersonic flight requires new types of materials.

  

Image 1) Image of what is believed to be a Chinese hypersonic aircraft. (CCTV screenshot)(https://eurasiantimes.com/china-determined-to-have-a-fleet-of-hypersonic-planes-by-2035/)

Nanotechnology is one of the most interesting things in aviation. The Chinese claim that they have hypersonic aircraft that are using plasma-ion thrusters. Plasma-ion thruster or electric jet engine is one of the most powerful engine types in the world. The idea of the system is that the air will ionize at the front of the engine. 

And then the magnetic accelerator drives it through the engine. The heat stress is very high at hypersonic flight. Friction is a very big problem in the speed of Mach 8+. There is the possibility that the aircraft's core is covered with nanotechnical rolls. Those rolls can make friction lower. But they can also be used to collect energy for electric jet engines. 

Synthetic dimensions and quantum technology can be far bigger steps for aviation than quantum technology. 

Those technologies are making it possible to create the ultimate stealth system. The idea of this system is similar to the neutron bomb. When a neutron bomb explodes the radiation will impact neutrons that are sending wave movement. The wavelength of that radiation is the same as the diameter of the neutron. But also protons and electrons are sending similar radiation if they are stressed by using electromagnetic radiation. 

The most futuristic spacecraft that was ever studied was the fusion-antimatter-powered system that looked like a saucer. There was the tokamak-type reactor around the edge of the saucer-shaped structure. And the radiation of that reactor was planned to use for creating antimatter. There was an image of that saucer in the book of inventions. But as you might know, technology was not at a high enough level at that time. 

The fusion reactor can use for pushing the quantum fields away from the spacecraft. And that thing makes it possible to create the WARP bubble around the craft. 

Another name for WARP-bubble is the synthetic dimension. There are two types of those bubbles. 

One is the traditional WARP-bubble or electromagnetic vacuum. That removes the doppler effect. Or shorts the wave movement ahead of the object. There is no wave movement in that bubble. 

Because there is no wave movement there is no Doppler effect. And nothing should limit the speed of the object. 

Another is the electron or proton cloud that is stressed with radiation. That thing makes the synthetic dimension around the object that can cause time dilation inside it. 

If we think the system is made by using graphene. That thing allows using the annihilation radiation to make the WARP bubble around that craft. But there is the possibility to deliver the antimatter around that craft. That thing makes the annihilation outside the structure that can rotate extremely fast. That fast-rotating structure can use for making the time dilation.

When the craft rotates near the speed of light in the WARP bubble. And then the bubble will be removed it causing the Cherenkov-effect. In that case, the outer edge of the craft moves a short time faster than the light. 

If annihilation happens outside the spacecraft that effect pushes the structures inside. The annihilation radiation can use to make the synthetic dimensions around the spacecraft. That thing makes those systems more capable than any other system. When we are thinking about the case that the electron cloud is stressed by electromagnetic radiation. 

That thing makes electrons send the same type of radiation with neutrons. All particles neutrons, protons, and electrons are sending radiation when they are facing radiation stress. And that radiation can make those objects invisible. Or it can cause time dilation inside that electron cloud. That means the spacecraft will surround by using a synthetic dimension that gives the pilot more time to react because the time moves slower in that "cube". 

https://eurasiantimes.com/china-determined-to-have-a-fleet-of-hypersonic-planes-by-2035/

https://interestingengineering.com/new-electric-jet-engine-actually-works-inside-the-atmosphere

https://interestingengineering.com/this-electric-jet-engine-could-lead-to-carbon-neutral-air-travel

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs23grc.html

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-manipulate-electrons-to-create-synthetic-dimensions/

https://thedebrief.org/darpa-funded-researchers-accidentally-create-the-worlds-first-warp-bubble/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsed_plasma_thruster

Image 1:)https://eurasiantimes.com/china-determined-to-have-a-fleet-of-hypersonic-planes-by-2035/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Most of the androids look like something else than humans.

The newest models of robot insects are looking like water striders. The robot water striders can patrol on water and collect data from chemicals and things that happen near them. The new robot insects can go anywhere and that means they are effective tools for many missions from natural research to intelligence and recon missions. 

The robot insects can use the electric eel's electric cells for making their electricity. The new type of android insects can look like normal bugs or spiders. But they can communicate even with the supercomputer centers by using the internet. When we are thinking the insect robots those systems can also be used as drone swarms. 

They can communicate with satellites by using other drones as the data link. But even if some robot looks like an insect, it might not be like its model. The feet of the robot water strider can connect with the fly-looking bug. And those robots can slip into houses by using the smallest possible holes. If the energy production of those robots is made by using biological energy production. 

They can eat normal nutrients. That thing allows those robots to operate deep inside buildings. Robot bugs can make chains and use the laser-communication for transmitting data. From inside to the robot that waits outside. Also, regular quadcopters can use biological energy production.

Could the story of "Moby Dick" come from the robot whale? I don't know, could a mechanic robot or "automaton"  of the 19th century look like a trustable whale? But the mechanic computer could control even the large-size mechanical bodies. 

The legend of "Moby Dick" the white whale caused an idea. That there could be roto sharks and robot whales patrolling at the sea. Those zombie sharks and whales can collect data from the seas. And they can be used to track submarines and collect data from underwater systems of ships. 

The form of the android can be anything. The most copied forms are insects. But things like snakes,  whales, and fishes can also be models for the androids. The animal-shaped androids can use to guard natural parks and hunt suspected hunters. The robot animals are multipurpose tools, that can make many things with the same form. 

We always think that robot animals are small. But robots can have the form of large animals. There is the possibility that the sea is patrolling the whale-looking robots. That has rubber skin and a skeleton that can move like the body of a whale. That kind of idea might be very interesting. And robot animals are interesting tools for many purposes. 

https://www.azonano.com/news.aspx?newsID=38760

https://www.thehoopsnews.com/researchers-develop-insect-mimicking-robot-that-strides-and-jumps-on-water-7215

https://scitechdaily.com/engineers-create-tiny-robot-bugs-that-can-go-just-about-anywhere/

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

The fire ants can give ideas for swarming robots.

The ants and other swarm operating bugs are used as models for swarming robots. When we think of the independently operating drone swarms controlled by artificial intelligence. Those systems did not exist 10 years ago. Even the small-size quadcopters and other drones can operate as a swarm. 

The nuclear-powered drone swarms can operate in the atmosphere of other planets. They can operate underwater conditions in the Marianna Trench. And the icy oceans in the Jupiter and Saturn icy moons. But they can also be new and powerful tools on the battlefields. 

The thing that makes this thing possible is the network-based system called "distributed calculation". Developers created this system for making animations for computers. The idea is that the computers can share their capacity and resources with other computers. 

The network-based system allows making the drone swarm. That can connect data that their sensors are delivering. The drones can stay on their operational area as the plate. When one of those systems is seeing something interesting. It shares that data with all others. 

Small-size quadcopters might have only one or two sensors like regular CCD, infrared, or some kind of radars. The quadcopter can also carry seismic or acoustic sensors. That means those drones can lay to the ground and feel the seismic oscillations. 

Those systems can also eavesdrop on enemy speech. The quadcopter can also have chemical detectors that allow them to find the ammunition or fuel dump. The thing is that the large numbers of those swarming robots are replacing the quality. 

It's possible that in the future. There are three types of aerial systems. Or actually, those systems already exist. 

1) Simple, one mission drones

2) Multimission drones

3) Manned systems

Those systems are integrated as an entirety. The network-based systems allow sharing the information between components of the military systems. The aerial systems are also integrated to the part of the entirety where the sea and land troops are also participating in the network-based battlefields. 

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

The hierarchy of aerial systems can be like this:

1) The simple, and cheap one mission drones. That is pulling missile fire away from the more complicated systems. Those drones can also be used as miniaturized killer robots. Those quadcopter-looking systems or loitering ammunition called "kamikaze drones" are the systems. 

Those terrorists are using most probably. The problem with those systems is that they are thought of as cruise missiles that are making more curves than normal cruise missiles. 

2) Multi-purpose drones can be remotely controlled systems. Or independent operating AI-driven systems. Those systems can use as remote-controlled or independently operating attack aircraft. 

Or they can have the internal warhead. They can operate alone or with manned aircraft. The loyal wingman drone's mission is to pull the missile fire away from the manned aircraft or attack against missile stations. 

The drones can also make the plate under their aircraft makes more difficult to shoot them down. The quadcopters can have infrared lights that give masks for stealth fighters.  

And they can spray iron powder into the air making it difficult to see the stealth aircraft. That is behind those drones. The stealth fighter can make the strikes by using satellite-guided weapons. 

3) The manned aircraft.  The loyal wingmen drones can be used as "kamikaze drones" or remote-controlled auxiliary jet fighters. The controller of those drones can sit on the back seat of the stealth fighter. Those drones can share their data between the computers of the jet fighters.

But they can also be 1000 kilometers away in the command centers. That thing might not be very sportsmanlike. But also in the Spartan army, the idea was that if somebody attacked one Spartan, the another would hit that attacker to back by using the spear. 

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

Social bugs like ants are giving data on how the system should operate as swarms. The swarming robots can close the route of the jet fighters. And the thing that makes them more powerful than regular sensors is that those quadcopters can fly in jet engines. 

When we are thinking the technology behind those quadcopters is that the individual member of the drone swarms must not be versatile. The entirety is versatile because those quadcopters or other types of drones might have different types of sensors. 

The drone swarms are complicated things. They can produce at the combat zone by using 3D printers and automatized manufacturing platforms. Those systems can detect things like missiles in seconds if they are in position. Drones can deliver from satellites and the thing is that those systems can assassinate individual persons. 

In those systems, the image recognition system will locate the target. And the small drone will drop from the satellite. The heat core denies the burning of that system. The quadcopter can be equipped with a regular pistol that makes it a very suitable and dangerous system in the wrong hands. 

Drones are effective in conflicts. They can make sudden attacks from the sky by using smart weapons. This thing makes them feared and brutal systems. But the defenders of the drone attacks are saying that the purpose of weapons is to fear enemies. Some people are saying that drones are easy to shoot down. 

Or they are easy to affect. If we think that the drone that costs the same price as some car hits by a missile that price is over a million euros that thing can be acceptable. One of the purposes of drone swarms is to pull missile fire to them away from the complicated manned aircraft and drones. 

But when we are thinking about the situation in Ukraine where are no swarming drones we must ask one interesting question. If drones are easy to destroy or jam. 

Why don't the Russians destroy those drones? Why do they allow the Turkish-build drones to fly around their vehicles, and destroy them? That is one interesting thing to think about. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-physics-ant-rafts-swarming-robots.html

The new scaling quantum computers are coming.

Image 1)

The quantum entanglement in quantum computers must protect against outcoming effects. Quantum entanglement plays a key role in quantum computers. And the time that the entanglement stays determines the speed of the quantum computers. 

Photonic entanglement is one of the most promising things in quantum computers. There is the possibility to use two- or more layers of graphene. And then, between those layers, the system will create the quantum entanglement by using photons. 

That makes it possible to create quantum processors.  The data would input those quantum systems by using lasers.

Lasers can give the energy stress in the superpositioned and entangled photon pairs. And those photons can affect electromagnetic fields between graphene layers. 

Image 2) Diagram of QubiC prototype showing room-temperature electronics hardware. Credit: Gang Huang and Yilun/Berkeley Lab (Phys.Org/Open sourced control hardware for quantum computers)

The system senses those fields. One version is to install small silicon bites to graphene. 

And that thing can make the system able to detect differences in the brightness of the quantum entanglement. That makes the interaction between the quantum entanglement and the physical system.

The photonic crystals can also help to create long-term quantum entanglement. The speed of light can drop to zero in the photonic crystals. 

And that thing could help to create the stable quantum entanglement between photons. The photonic crystals can mount between graphene layers. And then, the system will use dropping of the speed of light while it creates the long-term quantum entanglement. 

Quantum entanglement is an interesting thing. It can use to transport information between two objects. But it can also use to make an identical copy of the data flow that travels in the quantum computers. So quantum entanglement can transmit data vertically and horizontally. 

Horizontal data transportation means that the quantum computer sends data between the data handling lines. That allows making the error detection in quantum computers. The idea is that error detection happens in quantum computers by simple things. 

The data will double in two or more data handling lines. Data handling lines could be independent quantum computers. Or they can be internal structures of processors. 

If those data handling lines are identical and they get identical results. There is the possibility that the answer is right. If the results of those lines are different.  There is the possibility that the answer is wrong. And if there are multiple different solutions in multiple data handling lines. The answer is wrong. 

The reason for multiple, different answers could be that the input is not correct. That means that the programmers should check the input and the code that controls the system. 

The new scaling quantum computers are more powerful than ever before. The AI-based operational systems make those systems faster than people imagine. And maybe quite soon there is a possibility to use quantum computers without binary computing level. The problem with quantum computers is that the input devices are using the binary system. That means the bottlenecks are the screens and keyboards. 

The new open-source systems can use to control quantum computers. Developing that system by using open-source methodology brings more qualified programmers to quantum computer projects. And the computer requires hardware and software for making successful operations. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-02-entanglement-scaling-quantum-machine.html

https://phys.org/news/2022-02-sourced-hardware-quantum.html

https://www.sci-nature.vip/2022/02/speed-of-light-could-be-dropped-to-zero.html?m=1

https://spectrum.ieee.org/topological-photonics-entanglement-protection

Image 1) https://phys.org/news/2022-02-entanglement-scaling-quantum-machine.html

Image 2)https://phys.org/news/2022-02-sourced-hardware-quantum.html

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/