New systems allow researchers to follow cellular communication wirelessly.

"To improve biosensing techniques that can aid in diagnosis and treatment, MIT researchers developed tiny, wireless antennas that use light to detect minute electrical signals in liquid environments, which are shown in this rendering. Credit: Marta Airaghi and Benoit Desbiolles." (ScitechDaily, MIT Scientists Harness Light To Wirelessly Monitor Cellular Electrical Signals)

The new systems use light to read cellular electric signals. Electric impulses on the cell's protein shell control the ion pumps. Ions are the key element in chemical communication between neurons and other cells. The immune system requires those ions to detect cells. That doesn't work as it should. 

The cell uses them to take in and remove nutrients. Ion pumps play a key role in communication between neurons and other cells. 

It's possible. Neurons can communicate with individual cells benefiting the electric vortex at the ion pumps. Or it can receive and deliver neurotransmitters through those ion pumps. 

That can make it possible to create new types of medical treatments and new ways to control and boost our wealth. In the most interesting ways to think they can exchange information between the cells and computers. And what if you can give orders to bacteria in your stomach that they must transport food straight away and not drive it in your body? That thing can save your life in the case of poisoning. 

The ability to communicate with bacteria will be an incredible advancement in microbiology. That thing might be closer than ever. The bacteria can used to produce virus antigens that can be covered with immune activators. That makes it possible to program the immune system to fight against new diseases. Genetically engineered bacteria can also create cancer cells' shell proteins. 

Those proteins can offer the possibility to activate the immune system to detect harmful cells in the human body. 

That makes immune cells destroy tumors and cancer cells in the early stage of cancer. In that stage cancer is a group of individual cells that are easy to kill. In that stage, they don't form tumors yet. 

In the future, it may even be possible to order bacteria out of the body. But before researchers can communicate with bacteria and give them orders, they must read its messages. That thing requires new tools that can observe 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-scientists-harness-light-to-wirelessly-monitor-cellular-electrical-signals/

The electromagnetic thrusters will revolutionize space missions.

"A solar-powered electromagnetic propulsion (EP) spacecraft design. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, How Electric Thrusters Are Revolutionizing Space Exploration)

Ion and electron engines revolutionize space technology. 

All electromagnetic thrusters are not ion systems. Some engine systems use lasers and microwave systems to boil frozen liquids and water to make pressure for rocket engines. 

Those systems are not as new as people believe. In 2007 the Dawn space probe used ion engines in a successful mission to research asteroids Ceres, Vesta, Juno, and Pallas. That ion thruster allowed it to operate and make maneuvers in the asteroid belt. 

Those systems make long-term propulsion possible. And they can make things like Mars missions more effective. 

Ion thrusters can use solar power. As well as they are suitable for nuclear reactors. And that makes them good tools for things like asteroid belt missions. Solar-power ion thrusters are also suitable for orbital missions. The satellite that can use ion thrusters can operate very flexibly. And it can make them good for scientific and military missions. 

The problem with ion thrusters is that those systems have very weak thrust. The answer could be the Medusa-drive type solution. There those ions will be blown to the solar sail-type structure. 

That ion sail will give new abilities for those systems. That increases their thrust. 

"Pictured is a 6 kW Hall thruster in operation at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, How Electric Thrusters Are Revolutionizing Space Exploration)

Or, the system can use the high-energy plasma that injects it into the engine system. That looks like the hood or the bell. The system shoots a laser beam through that plasma. 

That makes it a whirl. The plasma whirl will press against the front side of the chamber. The ion thrusters are interesting military. Because they can be used as weapons. 

The problem is ions repel each other. That spreads those ion beams. 

How to keep the beam in its form.  In some versions. The target must be loaded with opposite-polar electricity. 

Or something puts magnets on a satellite shell or behind a satellite. 

That pulls plasma from the Van Allen belt to the target. 

That pulls ions or anions to it. Another way to keep the ion beam in its shape is an ion cannon. That shoots an electron beam along with an ion beam. And those opposite polar particles should keep that beam in its form. 

The ion thruster can create the ion layer between satellites and the ground station. That ion system denies communication between ground stations and satellites. 

And it's an effective way to jam the GPS. The ion layer between aircraft and radars makes it impossible to see the ground from the air. But it also can dey ground radars to see the flying aircraft. 

https://scitechdaily.com/plasma-powered-rocket-designed-for-deep-space-exploration/

https://aiandthefuture.wordpress.com/2025/01/05/the-electromagnetic-thrusters-will-revolutionize-space-missions/

British military tested a new EMP weapon.

"RFDEW demonstrator on truck." (Gov.Uk, Press release)

British soldiers successfully test drone killer radiowave weapon for first time

The new radio-wave-based drone defense is interesting. Radiowaves don't harm living organisms or cause symptoms, which allows the creation of new electromagnetic pulse-based systems that are safe for users. 

The radio-wave-based EMP weapons can used against drones, battlefield robots, and wearable electronics. 

Those systems can also target things like data centers and other electronic components. 

That makes this kind of system dangerous for the data networks. 

GSM-base stations are good targets for those EMP weapons. 

Unlike microwave weapons, which cause injuries to targets, EMP or radio-wave-based electromagnetic weapons can harm only electronics. Some of those systems' bases are impulse capacitors, which can give a very strong electric burst. The radio system transforms that electricity into the radio waves. The system can probably create strong, long-term radio impulses that can destroy the electric components. 

Crossing radio waves can create powerful electric arcs that can cause damage or even destroy things like fast-flying aircraft and drones. 

Those systems can cause damage to ammunition storage and fuel stations. If radio waves with opposite polarity cross on the point where ammunition is that can detonate the gunpowder. 

(https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-soldiers-successfully-test-drone-killer-radiowave-weapon-for-first-time)

Electromagnetic impulses can be used to destroy also other electronics than just drones. Those systems can terminate enemy radios and damage electronics in missiles. And that makes those systems ideal for the battlefield. The high-power radio waves can also jump from the ionosphere. And they can destroy electronics far beyond the horizon. The crossing of radio-maser waves can cause damage to structures if their transmitting power is high enough. 

Electromagnetic and especially radio-wave-based systems can benefit the radars as their platforms. When radar sees some threat the system increases its power. High-power radars with a megawatt-class transmitting power can destroy satellites from their orbital. That EMP-based system leaves the satellite in one piece. That denies space debris formation. 

The EMP weapons can also terminate the suspected fractional orbital bombardment systems (FOBS) or orbital-based nuclear weapons. Those systems can deny the explosion of EMP nuclear weapons and they can also deny the work of the normal nuclear weapons if they can damage their electronics. 

In some visions, the power satellites transmit energy to Earin as coherent radio waves. Those power satellites can also destroy electronics from the aerial and other targets. The orbital-based power satellites can create megawatt-class energy transmission. Those power satellites can also use their energy transmitters against other satellites. That kind of system can also guard the borders. 

 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-soldiers-successfully-test-drone-killer-radiowave-weapon-for-first-time

https://aiandthefuture.wordpress.com/2025/01/04/british-military-tested-a-new-emp-weapon/

The Medusa: advanced nuclear pulse propulsion.

Basically. The Medusa system is based on a similar concept. With the famous project Orion. The attempt to create the nuclear pulse propulsion for the interplanetary flight. Project Orion planned to use small nuclear bombs to accelerate its speed to interplanetary missions. And basically. We can say that the Medusa is the modified  "Orion" that uses the solar sail for acceleration. 

The solar sail can be packed at the nose of the "Orion" and the system can use solar energy to accelerate its speed before it detonates nuclear bombs. Even if in that film the nuclear bomb is detonated at the front of the craft. It's possible to detonate them behind the craft and then the would be the Orion, which uses solar sail for accelerating its speed and the nuclear bombs will get into use when the caft is away from the sun. 

When sunlight is weak the Medusa system can continue its journey by using nuclear bombs like small hydrogen bombs. The craft can have two magnets away from its shell. Their mission would be to transfer ions like helium or alpha ions and beta particles like anions and electrons into those magnets. That protects the spacecraft shell and its crew or measurement tools against those particles. And if those nukes launch at the front of the craft those magnets minimize the force that pushes the craft backward. 

There are many ways to use nuclear bombs in acceleration. The craft can carry nuclear bombs inside it. The small neutron bombs will push the craft forward. But then we can think that large-size hydrogen bombs will shoot into space at certain points of the Medusa's trajectory. When Medusa passes those points the 50 mt. Hydrogen bombs will explode. And they will push the craft forward. But in some models, the system can use things like small antimatter bombs to give acceleration. 

In some lightweight systems, the large parabolic mirror will heat the hydrogen in the tank. Hydrogen can give energy to the solar generators. And if the system has a cooler that thing can make it possible to recycle hydrogen. 

Medusa as a weapon. 

There is the possibility to use the Medusa-type system as a weapon. In those systems, parabolic mirror collects sunlight for lasers. In lasers, those mirrors will aim the sunlight at the laser element which can be carbon dioxide laser. Those lasers give very high-energy pulses. The large mirror can also operate as an energy collector for nuclear lasers. 

In those systems, the nuclear weapon's flash will focus by using that mirror into the lasers that can be very powerful. In some other versions of the high-power X-ray lasers, the laser system gets its energy from the nuclear bomb that detonates around the laser element. That gives a very high power energy impulse to the target. 

The DNA-controlled nano-robots can be the next-generation tool for civil and military.

R&D work with tiny robots is work that requires high morale. The thing is that we want to make robots for good. But things like dictatorships are also interesting in the military and espionage applications of those systems. Those robots are extremely potential tools for the military. And the world is so a bad place, that we need weapon applications to defend ourselves. 

The nano-robots and nanorobot swarms are the new tools to fight against cancer. Those things can travel inside the human body, and then remove or inject medicine into cells that are targeted to them. Nanomachines can move artificial DNA to the targeted cells and those DNA bites can order the cell to die. 

The nanorobots can also clean blood vessels and make many things that were impossible a short time ago.  DNA can be used as a computer program in many ways. In simplest models. The DNA bites that travel through the reader and their length determines the value of the number one or zero. Another way is to transform those DNA bites into the bar code that the computer reads. 

The third version that can control miniature robots is the artificial DNA bites that involve some attribute of certain cells. The AI-based systems can search certain actions of the cell, and then locate the point of the DNA that activates that action. Then the artificial DNA will be collected from the wanted attributes of cells. 

The nanorobot swarms can also be used to transport and inject medicines and vaccines into humans and animals. The nanorobot swarms can collect samples from flora and fauna. But as we know there are dark sides also in that technology. The same robots that can inject medicines into people can inject deadly poisons. The same robots that can transport DNA into the targeted cells can leave those cells in the body. That causes death because of gangrene. In medical work, that thing is very important. 

But for military purposes that kind of system is suitable for many undercover operations. Biotechnology allows researchers to create snake- or spider poisons using cell cultures. And that means. There are many things. That makes nanotechnology dangerous in the wrong hands. The rotor-shaped nanorobot that slips into cells can turn the entire body into liquid. 

The nanorobots are tools that can observe bugs and animals. But they can also break human privacy. They can slip into rooms or touch their clothes and transmit information to the receiver. The nanorobot can be on the microprocessor. It can record and re-transmit all data that travels through that microchip. Nanotechnology is a fascinating but also terrifying tool. They can give cures for cancer. Or they can terminate any person in the world. 

The new systems are making it possible to create nano- and quantum materials.

"An artist’s representation of a scanning tunneling microscope probing a toluene molecule. Credit: Dr. Kristina Rusimova, Hannah Martin, and Pieter Keenan" (ScitechDaily, Breakthrough in Nanotechnology Unlocks Atomic Precision for Medicine and Energy)

The new observation tools like X-ray microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes make it possible for researchers to see things that happen inside atoms. The limit of microscopes is the radiation wavelength that the microscope sees. And the microscope cannot see objects whose diameter is smaller than the observation radiation tool's wavelength. New microscopes see things like structures from individual protons and neutrons. 

The limit for observation tools like scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) is the size of the particle the system uses to scan objects. The STM hovers particles between the layer and the stylus. The changes in the quantum fields around that hovering object tell about the layer that the system scans. 

The particle that hovers between an object and a stylus is the limit of the resolution of the scanning tunneling microscope. And if the system can hover gluon or quark between it and its target. That thing forms the system that resolution is so high, that it can help to move single protons, neutrons, electrons, and other things like quarks. 

The quantum entanglement makes it possible to hover single photons above the target. Things like gamma-ray microscopes can give even more high-resolution images of atoms and their particles. But the problem is how to produce gamma rays and turn them into coherent radiation. 

The ability to see an object makes it possible to manipulate it. That thing is extremely important in nanotechnology. The nanomachines and nano-tools are systems that are based on atomic-size components. The system means precisely selected and positioned atomic structures in molecules. 

The system requires highly advanced manipulation systems. And highly advanced learning neural networks. That can collect and process data from multiple sources. Those things are important for building long-chain molecules and complex molecular structures. Those systems can make it possible to create a revolution in medicine, material research, and manufacturing. The nanomachines are tools that can make many things possible. 

"Data from past proton-electron collisions provide strong evidence of entanglement among the proton’s sea of quarks (spheres) and gluons (squiggles), which may play an important role in their strong-force interactions. Credit: Valerie Lentz/Brookhaven National Laboratory" (ScitechDaily, “Spooky Action” at Ultra-Short Distances: Unlocking the Quantum Core of Matter)

Quantum materials are even more impressive than nanotechnology. 

Nanotechnology can create materials that can fix themselves. Or they can create. Things like 2D neutron graphene. The neutron-graphene is a theoretical material that is like graphene but it's formed of neutrons. That material forms the neutron stars. 

The 2D neutron graphene has one problem. The free neutron decay time is about 15 minutes. But it's possible to trap this neutron network between two layers that could be graphene. Then the system must press energy to those neutrons to deny their decay. But that thing is purely hypothetical material. The idea is that all materials and their parts can be put in 2D form if they are polar. 

 In the most futuristic visions. The quarks can form similar networks. As neutrons form in neutron stars. The ability to see single quarks makes that kind of material possible. However, theory is not a practical solution.  Locking those particles is very difficult. 

But if the system can lock particles like neutrons or quarks into the nanonet and inject energy into them. That makes it possible to create the maser system that sends radiation with the same wavelength as the size of the particles. So those systems can make it possible to create neutron-radiation masers. Or the masers that wavelength is the same as the quark's dimension. 

The superconductivity between quarks could be a useful thing. In nano-size systems. The quark superconductivity can form because quarks are in the same quantum field. If electricity travels in the quantum field that hovers above particles. There is no Hall effect or Hall field. The Hall effect or resistance forms in the standing waves between particles. 

When electricity tries to travel through those waves it must pack so much power that it can travel through those waves. Those waves pull part of that electricity into it. And if that standing potential field does not exist there is no resistance. The quantum field that continues over particles in a straight form makes that structure superconducting. 

But theoretically. the protons can also make similar networks. The problem is that. They require some kind of glue between them to keep protons in their form. 

Theoretically is possible to create things called 2D atoms. In those quantum materials, the protons and neutrons form the ring. Like carbon atoms are in graphene. The protons and neutrons are in turn at that ring. That kind of structure can be very strong. 

https://scitechdaily.com/breakthrough-in-nanotechnology-unlocks-atomic-precision-for-medicine-and-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/cracking-the-proton-code-unveiling-the-secrets-of-the-universes-building-blocks/

https://scitechdaily.com/neutron-stars-illuminate-the-hidden-physics-of-quark-superconductivity/

https://scitechdaily.com/spooky-action-at-ultra-short-distances-unlocking-the-quantum-core-of-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

Walther engine: an interesting fuel experiment.

Injecting water and sulfur acid or hydrogen peroxide into diesel engine cylinders makes a new type of steam engine. And that is an interesting attempt to replace petroleum from cars. 

In the 1910's before service stations, some cars used steam engines. The steam engine cars were popular until the gas station network was comprehensive enough. Those petroleum stations left steam engine cars into history. But it's possible that if the engineers had put their time into "precisely operating steam engines" those steam cars would not be put into history. The precisely operating engine means that the system injects water and sulfur acid or hydrogen peroxide into the combustion cylinders. When hydrogen peroxide or sulfur acid is injected into those chambers it creates heat and steam.  

Sometimes, researchers introduced that the diesel engine could be turned into a steam engine. They could operate without fossil fuels by using peroxide or sulfur acid-water mixture as the tool that replaced the combustion. In that system, another line transports water into the cylinder. Then the fuel injector injects sulfur acid or hydrogen peroxide into the cylinder. That kind of system can make it possible to create a new type of steam engine that should not create pollution. The problem is that the sulfur acid itself is a very corrosive thing. But it's possible that if that kind of system were created in the 1910's those steam engine cars still exist. 

The Walther turbine is used in torpedoes. The system works with hydrogen peroxide that reacts with water. The 90+% hydrogen peroxide will conduct to the turbine along with water. The chemical reaction creates heat and water vapor. And then that pressurized steam rotates turbines. In some other versions, the system uses sulfur acid that reacts with water and creates heat and vapor as hydrogen peroxide. In those systems, the attempt to replace fossil fuel was because the fuel must be stored in torpedoes. In the 1940's during WWII. German researchers developed submarines that used hydrogen peroxide and water as tools that created the steam for turbines that the submarine could use in underwater drive. 

Those systems gave test submarines an impressive underwater speed of 20-29 knots, which was much more than the normal diesel-electric propulsion. During WWII Germans built 31 (12A and 19B models) XVII-type submarines. But after WWII the interest in that system ended. And the reason was that. The hydrogen peroxide was expensive. The system could use sulfur acid for the same purpose, but for some reason, those systems didn't too flame. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_XVII_submarine

Can kamikaze drones endanger the entire state?

Kamikaze drones or loitering ammunition are tools that are proven effective against Russia. But can those loitering ammunition endanger the Western military? If security personnel are not prepared. Those things can destroy soft targets like jet fighters. The kamikaze drones are excellent tools for surprise attacks. The attacker can bring them near targets in plastic bags. 

Or those drones can look like briefcases or canning jars. And if those drones can travel to a target without nobody disturbing them, they can cause bad damage at least stealth fighters and electric supply. If we think about things like cases where small-size drones are used to attack those drones can threaten a person's safety. They are almost perfect assassination tools. And that makes those systems very dangerous. 

Above: Implet, or contact mine, used in "Frankton" operation

When we think about things like ships and especially submarines the underwater quadcopters can cause new threats to marine systems. The quadcopter can carry similar contact mines to those used by British commandoes in the "Frankton" operation in Bordeaux harbor in, 1942. 

Those commandoes used contact mines and today things like stealth fighters or agents can deliver those destructive systems to the harbour. And then. They can search for targets like submarines and ships and connect to them using suction cups or other low-pressure systems. 

The system can work with a low-pressure chamber. When ventilation opens the system touches the hull of the ship. 

The pressure system's mission is to make ammunition contact and stay on antimagnetic hulls.  The system can use the cavity charge or regular explosive. The system can use image-ID and acoustic target recognition. It can prowl targets at the bottom of the harbors. 

Those devices can damage submarines or surface ships very badly. So if we think that drones can give a solution to the war, we must realize that there are many counteractions against them. But the problem is if those counter actions do not exist or they are not used drones are effective. Small-size drones can dropped to operational areas or near targets from aircraft. They can search things like bunker's entrances or missile silos. And. Those systems can also be used to eavesdrop and image intelligence.

https://discover.hubpages.com/education/Operation-Frankton-The-Cockleshell-Heroes

https://interestingengineering.com/videos/are-kamikaze-drones-a-threat-to-the-america

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Frankton

The MIT sound-absorbing silk is a new and exciting innovation.

"MIT researchers developed a silk fabric, which is barely thicker than a human hair, that can suppress unwanted noise and reduce noise transmission in a large room. Credit: MIT News; iStock" (ScitechDaily, The Future of Silence Is Here: MIT’s Noise-Canceling Silk)

One of the newest practical innovations. Is sound-absorbing silk by MIT. Those kinds of materials are classified. The chemical compounds of them are not public. And they involve very interesting nanotechnology. The thing that makes this nanotechnology interesting is that the elastic and flexible structure can deny the noise. 

It is possible to make the 2D material structure like a non-linear graphene where the ball-shaped molecules jump between the walls of the nanotubes. That system's purpose is to pull energy out of the structure. The non-linear nanotubes conduct sound to the structure. The non-linear nanotubes mean that the graphene molecules are not in line. However, the MIT invention is elastic. And that means any structure can be covered by it. 

"MIT researchers have developed a silk fabric that suppresses sound using vibrations, offering two techniques: canceling noise through interference and preventing its transmission." (ScitechDaily, The Future of Silence Is Here: MIT’s Noise-Canceling Silk)

The nanotechnology behind the silk makes the structure the acoustic Faraday gage. In those models, the structure makes standing acoustic waves that travel into the fabric. It's possible. The structure in the fabric makes the acoustic fall that aims incoming waves at the strings. The side-coming waves pull energy out from incoming waves that attempt to travel through that silk. 

These kinds of innovations are tools that can revolutionize airports. The acoustic silk can deny or make the jet engine noise lower. The lightweight sound insulators can also in vehicles to make their noise lower. If that kind of acoustic silk is around the engines like turbines it can decrease the sound of the engine. That kind of silk can also used in face masks that allow the users to talk into the microphones and radios. But those systems deny outsiders to hear what those people say without technical devices. 

 Another thing is that this kind of effective, lightweight, transportable system can decrease the noise of the building sites. Make meetings more secure because people cannot hear things that meeting participants say. And that acoustic silk can protect places like band rooms so that neighbors don't hear the noise. 

Ions and metasurfaces are the new tools for robotics.

"Schematics of multiplexing metadevices based on coherent wave interferences. Credit: OEA" (ScitechDaily, Pushing Optical Limits: Metasurfaces Achieve Near Infinite Light Control in a Single Device)

The new metasurfaces and ion channels turn information technology and nanomechanics forever. The photonic or photon-reacting and interacting metasurfaces make it possible to create devices that can operate independently in complex situations. 

Those photonic-controlled devices can make things like highly advanced morphing systems possible. In nanotechnology, it's essential to control systems. That is smaller than some molecules. And the metasurfaces are one thing that makes that system possible. When we think about systems like cars and robots that can change their shape, we must realize one thing. 

Those morphing surfaces will be created by nanomachines that act as the morphing neural network. Those small robots can take any form that they ordered. The system can interact with outsider observers like small drones that can tell that small, soundbite size nanorobot swarm how they should move to take a certain form. That thing means that the AI-controlled system can take any shape that it sees. The drone can make the 3D scanned image, and then order those nanorobots to take it. 

In some futuristic visions of the future, the data travels in the organic network. Those systems can be neurons or some hybrid cells. The long threads transport information like neurons. Those systems can transport information between those neurons by using the lion channels. Those ion channels make it possible for information to travel most of the time in chemical form. When that neurotransmitter reaches that neurotransmitter, it sends an electric impulse to the microchip that decodes the message. 

Ion channels are interesting. Those channels can form the ion superhighways that can make new ultra-secured data transmission possible. In those nanorobots, the system can have a small tube that transfers those ions from one place to another. The ion can transport information as well as electrons or photons.  There are multiple ways to make that data transportation. 

"Record ion speeds are achieved in organic conductors where local molecules can attract or repel ions from nanochannels that act as ion superhighways. Credit: Second Bay Studios" (ScitechDaily, Ion Superhighways: The Nanotech Breakthrough Powering Tomorrow’s Tech)

One is to use two ion channels and shoot ions through them. The ion channel one is the one in the binary system. And the ion channel two is the zero in the binary system. Those ion channels can be thousands of kilometers long. And that allows the system to transport ions over long distances. 

In some Sci-fi-Books that kind of system can also transport antimatter like positrons and anti-protons into the wanted point. This kind of system can installed in the robot bug. The robot bug transports those antimatter particles to the wanted point in the magnetic chamber, that puts them to flow. 

That denies antimatter contact with the walls of that chamber. Then the robot injects antiparticles through that ion accelerator or ion proboscis. That kind of weapon would be extremely horrible. And one of them can destroy even warships. The antimatter energy level is so high, that a gram of that matter turns the entire Earth into a molecular cloud. 

The ion-based information transport system is one of the versions of ultra-secured data transmission. The idea is that. The system can deny the outsider observer. To see ion. If the outsider harms the ion channel that thing is seen in control rooms. The receiving system must require the energy level and speed of ions to be at a certain level. Those things tell that ion is part of the message. 

The ion channel is also a vacuum, and if somebody wants to steal information, that launches the pressure sensor and denies the ion flow. The ion systems might not look as effective and wonderful as photonic systems. But they can interact between living neurons or organic microchips and regular, non-organic systems. In that system, the microchip transports information to the neuron cell's ion channel using the ions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ion-superhighways-the-nanotech-breakthrough-powering-tomorrows-tech/

https://scitechdaily.com/pushing-optical-limits-metasurfaces-achieve-near-infinite-light-control-in-a-single-device/

Solar wind research. And the use of diamonds to cool the atmosphere.

 

"In this animation, the CODEX instrument can be seen mounted on the exterior of the International Space Station. Credit: CODEX Team/NASA" (ScitechDaily, NASA’s CODEX Ready To Unlock Solar Wind Mysteries From the ISS)

NASA will send a CODEX instrument to the ISS to observe solar wind. 

"NASA’s Coronal Diagnostic Experiment (CODEX) is set to launch to the International Space Station to explore new details about the solar wind, including its origins and evolution."  (ScitechDaily, NASA’s CODEX Ready To Unlock Solar Wind Mysteries From the ISS)

The solar wind is well-known as an entirety. The solar wind is the particle flow that the source is in the sun. The mystery thing is how deep the solar wind forms. And the second question is how much the sun's magnetic field will accelerate those particles. And what role things like photons and impacting opposite and same polar particles play in that flow. 

So how much photons accelerate those ions and electrons? That information can help to build next-generation ion engines that have magnetic acceleration but things like laser beams can give extra punch to ions. 

Also, things like solar sails require information on the solar wind. That information can use to protect those system's electric components. And one thing is that the particles that form solar wind have very high energy levels. That makes it possible to use those things as energy sources. An interesting thing is how many of those particles can turn into antimatter when they fall into the atmosphere. The antimatter engines can create antimatter straight from the solar wind. 

Another interesting thing is the role of the solar wind in weather. The solar wind includes many interesting things. It drives small dust particles into Earth's atmosphere. And if it impacts satellites it can cause malfunction. This is one of the reasons why the solar wind is under research. 

"Globally averaged quantities resulting from 5 Mt/yr injections of the corresponding material (a) and (c) and quantities normalized by globally averaged net all sky top of the atmosphere (ToA) radiative forcing (RF) (b) and (d). Credit: Geophysical Research Letters (2024). DOI: 10.1029/2024GL110575" (Phys,org, Could injecting diamond dust into the atmosphere help cool the planet?)

The use of diamonds is one of the most expensive solutions for atmosphere cooling. Or is it? And other versions of that idea. 

Researchers think that injected diamond dust can decrease the temperature of the planet. The injected very cold nanodiamonds can act as the cooler beam, that can absorb heat from the air. Diamonds can form Bose-Einstein condensate that can absorb very much thermal energy. 

If researchers can send any material to space at the shadow side of Earth they can cool the atmosphere. Even if the air tank is sent to the orbiter and then somebody opens that tank can decrease the temperature on the ground. But there is a need for a large mass of that cooled gas. So that means that this is one of the most expensive ways to cool Earth's atmosphere. 

The use of diamond rain to cool the atmosphere is one of the most expensive ideas in the world. The idea is that the system will transport diamonds outside the atmosphere. Then it drops from the sky to the ground. And that means diamonds would bind thermal energy into themselves. That thing is very expensive. But what if somebody collects those diamonds or other particles back? 

The idea is that the system drops so-called nanodiamonds or "diamond sand" into the artificial lake. There can be the mylar tarpaulin on the bottom of the lake, and that thing can help to recycle those diamonds. The system must not use diamonds for that thing. The sand or water is the thing that can make this thing real as well as diamonds. 

The system can use so-called stratospheric satellites to transport particles to the high stratosphere. Then the system can wait until it releases its thermal energy to the high atmosphere. And then they can drop them to the ground. There are many versions of this thing. In some versions, the stratospheric satellite comes to the ground, pulls water into a tank, and then rises to the edge of the space. The system keeps water in motion, and then it will not turn into large ice bites. Then the system drops that artificial snow to the ground. 

There are suggested things like ultra-cold ions that the satellite shoots to the higher atmosphere to decrease the temperature on the ground. In some suggestions, people will create stratospheric towers that conduct air through the heat exchanger. Then that cooled air will drop to the ground.

Things like centrifugal launch systems that allow low-cost applications to shoot satellites to orbiters can make that kind of system possible. The system just shoots miniature satellites through the suborbital trajectory. Those satellites carry the particles like diamonds, snow, or sand that should cool on that trip. When they return to the atmosphere they release those particles to air.

https://phys.org/news/2024-10-diamond-atmosphere-cool-planet.html

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-codex-ready-to-unlock-solar-wind-mysteries-from-the-iss/