The polaritons are the tools for nano-size photonics.

"Schematic illustration of the electrical spectroscopy on the polaritonic-based graphene photodetector. Credit: ICFO/ David Alcaraz Iranzo" (ScitechDaily, Tiny Polaritons Unleash a New Era in Nanophotonics)

"Photonics is a branch of optics that involves the application of generation, detection, and manipulation of light in the form of photons through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing. Photonics is closely related to quantum electronics, where quantum electronics deals with the theoretical part of it while photonics deal with its engineering applications. " (Wikipedia, Photonics) 

Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light. The term photonics developed as an outgrowth of the first practical semiconductor light emitters invented in the early 1960s and optical fibers developed in the 1970s." (Wikipedia, Photonics) 

The first solution that used photonics was an optical data cable. Those cables are still one of the most secure data transmission systems. It's possible that the system can use outside optical fibers to send so-called empty signals. If somebody changes the form fiber or cuts it the system detects it. Then it can report that anomaly in wavelength to the system supervisors. 

In that system, data travels in an inner optical fiber. That makes outsiders hard to see the data flow.  If somebody wants to eavesdrop on that data. The spy must damage or turn the outside optical fibers. 

And the system notices that. Similar systems can detect things like earthquakes. The movements on the ground stretch and change the route of the light. And that allows observers to see if something or somebody moves the optical cable.

Modern photonics is the tool that makes much more than just transport data.  The high-power computers make it possible to manipulate nano-optical layers. Those layers can transfer photons into wanted directions. The ability to remove reflection from layers is the ultimate tool for stealth technology. And the same thing can make quantum computers more effective. Without reflection, there are not-so-strong artifact effects that disturb the quantum entanglement. 

The ability to create quasiparticles is a great advance in photonics. The quasiparticles can create energy potholes or energy dumps that allow energy and photons to travel in them. The energy potholes in material pull it in together. The quasiparticle can aim photons in the desired direction. And that can make it possible to create the switches and routers for the photonic microchips. 

"In physics, polaritons are bosonic quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves (photon) with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation (state) of solid or liquid matter (such as a phonon, plasmon, or an exciton).[example needed] Polaritons describe the crossing of the dispersion of light with any interacting resonance." (Wikipedia, polariton) 

https://scitechdaily.com/tiny-polaritons-unleash-a-new-era-in-nanophotonics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton

Thermophotovoltaic cells can make energy production more effective.

"Researchers are exploring thermophotovoltaic systems that generate electricity from heat, highlighting their potential in sustainable energy." (ScitechDaily, Harnessing Heat for Clean Energy: The Future of Thermophotovoltaic Technology)

"Researchers are advancing thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems, which convert heat into electricity using photovoltaic cells, presenting a silent and low-maintenance energy solution." (ScitechDaily, Harnessing Heat for Clean Energy: The Future of Thermophotovoltaic Technology)

Thermophotovoltaic cells allow to use of laser beams to transport electricity to drones and other electric components. Thermophotovoltaic cells are applications that can increase the energy efficiency of the engines and electric supply systems.  

Thermophotovoltaic cells convert heat to electricity. Those systems can operate independently. 

Thermophotovoltaic cells can operate with regular energy sources using their heat to make electricity.  

They can harness energy from boiling water from the water supply system. And the small robots. Observe the system conditions can use those tools for energy supply. 

The thermoelectric photovoltaic technology can collect energy from the engine of the hybrid cars. That system can harness energy from the combustion engine's heat. And it can boost the engine efficiency. It also loads batteries faster. 

The fact is that thermophotovoltaic technology can increase the energy efficiency of all power plants. Engineers can use this kind of system to make new points where they collect energy. And if thermophotovoltaic cells can someday turn to large-scale use those systems can harness energy from geothermal holes. 

Also, dark layers can give energy to thermophotovoltaic cells.  That can used together with regular solar panels. The thermophotovoltaic cells can collect energy from blast furnaces which decreases the need to buy electricity.  

Thermophotovoltaic cells can also be used in next-generation Venus landers. Those systems can also give energy to robots that operate in high-temperature environments. There are many potential useful things for that technology. The ability to turn heat or IR radiation into electricity can be useful in military applications that require low-observable energy sources that don't operate in radio frequency. 

That means. The IR-laser system can deliver electricity to small drones or other electric equipment. Those drones can operate in caves and places where they cannot land. The ability to use laser beams to load electricity to the small quadcopters is one of the most fundamental ideas in robotics. Those lasers can also be used to transport information to drones. The system can have multiple useful applications. From the scientific to the military world. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harnessing-heat-for-clean-energy-the-future-of-thermophotovoltaic-technology/

The new sandwich-type material can offer a breakthrough in superconducting technology.

"Four layers of a surface-conducting material (Bi2Te3) between two single layers of a magnetic insulator (MnBi2Te4). This structure creates the conditions to align the manganese spins (red arrows) and support a zero-resistance, spin-polarized current. Credit: Australian Research Council" (ScitechDaily, Zero Resistance Breakthrough: Meet the Quantum Sandwich Powering the Future)

The new fundamental sandwich-type material can revolutionize superconducting. The anomaly in the quantum hall effect makes electrons travel in that material without resistance. The Hall effect or resistance is the group of standing waves between electrons. The new material can remove those standing waves. It can create a homogenous power field around the wire. Image 2 shows that the Hall effect is like a wall between electric conductors. The quantum-level version is the wall between electrons. If that wall is removed, there is no resistance. 

"Researchers have developed a new “sandwich” structure material that exhibits the quantum anomalous Hall effect, enabling electrons to travel with almost no resistance at higher temperatures." (ScitechDaily, Zero Resistance Breakthrough: Meet the Quantum Sandwich Powering the Future)

"This breakthrough could significantly enhance computing power while dramatically reducing energy consumption. The structure is based on a layered approach with bismuth telluride and manganese bismuth telluride, promising faster and more efficient future electronic devices." (ScitechDaily, Zero Resistance Breakthrough: Meet the Quantum Sandwich Powering the Future)

Image 2.  (Wikipedia, Hall effect)

It's possible to create almost room-temperature superconducting conditions using 200 GPa pressure. 

Superconducting has been possible at room temperature, or in -23 C degrees. But that requires 200 GPa pressure. Leak in that kind of pressure system. Is always devastating. How to replace the pressure system? The new material can be an answer to that question.

We can think about things like making superconducting using high-pressure tools. The nanotechnology allows to creation of a small-size high-pressure chamber. The problem is: how to make that system safe?  If there is a small leak in the pressure system releases 200 GPa pressure. One of the answers could be artificial diamonds. They are used to close those high-pressure chambers inside them. 

One of the solutions can be a hollow wire. That wire is put in the channels that lasers drill into industrial diamonds. The system can press pressure in and outside the wire. And that can raise the pressure to a high enough level that the wire turns superconducting. 

In the dry-pressure superconductors, researchers will put a wire lattice between the hydraulic press. Then the system presses the lattice from both sides. Then the system can put and tie the artificial diamond over that structure. Those diamonds can keep the pressure on the wire. 

We can think of an extremely thin material that is used to press the lattice wire and stabilize its structure. The problem is how to stabilize the inner structure. One of the answers to that is the diamond. The system can press the structure into high-pressure conditions and then it can put a diamond or carbonite crystal structure around it. The diamond structure locks pressure into the wire, and that can be the tool for making dry high-pressure superconducting. The system must keep the pressure on the wire or the system fails. 

https://scitechdaily.com/zero-resistance-breakthrough-meet-the-quantum-sandwich-powering-the-future/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room-temperature_superconductor

Solar sails are promising tools for space research.

"This artist’s concept shows the Advanced Composite Solar Sail System spacecraft sailing in space using the energy of the Sun. Credit: NASA/Aero Animation/Ben Schweighart" (ScitechDaily, Tumbling in Orbit: NASA’s Test of Advanced Solar Sail Technology Encounters Early Challenges)

NASA's solar sail technology faced early challenges, but it seems promising. Solar sail technology is an interesting tool for traveling inside the asteroid belt and between Earth and Mars. If the spacecraft can use solar sail technology at least during the early journey to Mars. That technology saves energy and fuel. 

When the craft starts to travel back to Earth the solar sail can brake the nuclear thermal rocket. There are two ways to use giant mylar structures for that purpose. One simply opens the sail behind the craft. 

Then the solar wind pushes the craft backward. And that slows its speed. Or the nuclear thermal engine can use the sail as a break chute. The system can aim the thrust to that sail, slowing the speed. The nuclear rocket can change the exhaust gas line which minimizes thrust. This makes it possible to use solar sails for braking systems. 

In some versions of the hypothetical interstellar probes, they slow their speed using solar sails. When those, still hypothetical probes will close the Alpha- and Proxima Centauri systems they can use the solar sails to slow its speed. 

Artist's impression of Daedalus, the interstellar probe concept. 

The nuclear thermal rockets can also use solar sails to travel to Mars and that gives them the ability to maneuver at trajectory. The fact is that the solar sails have limited operational area in the solar system. 

However, researchers can use that technology in the systems that might someday take samples from the Sun to Earth. Those next-generation versions of the Parker probe can dive into the Sun's atmosphere and capture ions from there. Then the solar sail will transport those ions to Earth. 

The solar wind gives thrust to the craft. And when it travels to Earth. When that probe travels near Earth the laser or ion beams that shoot against the solar sail will slow its speed and those ions from the Sun can carried to the laboratory. 

The technology that allows to creation of solar sails can be used to create giant radar antennas that can packed into small spaces. The solar sail or space probe can travel to Jupiter and its icy Moons. Or the Martian orbiter. Map the surface and subsurface areas of the red planet. The radars that use long wavelengths can see things from underground. 

Those systems can search underground ice and caves. Advanced radar systems can see things, like underground nuclear laboratories. The solar sail can also equipped with an iron net, that acts as a radio telescope. The large radio telescope that will travel outside the Solar system makes that thing possible. 

Solar sails are systems that are promising for near-Earth journeys outside of the Sun. Because the system is based on existing technology there are radio telescopes and radars that can also connect to that structure. 

The solar sail can be a suitable tool for long-term missions inside the asteroid belt. And the fact is that one system must not be suitable for everything. 

The solar sail can give thrust and speed for things like Jupiter probes. The solar sail can open in the last stage of gravity acceleration. And that can make the flight time to Jupiter shorter. 

https://scitechdaily.com/tumbling-in-orbit-nasas-test-of-advanced-solar-sail-technology-encounters-early-challenges/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

The new types of rockets and fuels can revolutionize space travel

Above: X-51 Waverider

The ramjet engine can also burn things like metal powders. 

The X-51 Waverider reaches the Mach 5,1. That speed is low enough that the ramjet can operate. And the ramjet engine can use almost any fuel that the system can inject into it. 

The only thing that developers must do to remove carbon from exhaust gas is to use some fuel that doesn't involve carbon. And modern nanotechnology makes it possible to create things like nano-metal powders that can be used as fuel. 

When we think about inventions like the carbon-burning ramjet-driven P.13 experimental project, we must realize that those inventions can drive aviation to a new level. P.13 used carbon dust that it injected into the ramjet engine. The plane was too radical to operate even in Nazi Germany. That radical ramjet design can turn aviation closer to carbon-free time. Modern nanotechnology allows developers to create things like metallic powders. 

The ramjet engine can use fuels like aluminum-magnesium-combination particles. The system drives those nanoparticles into the ramjet engine. That powder can give very high temperatures. Water injection into the chamber might needed to keep the temperature lower.  The system can use a low-pressure tube to pull air through the engine. The system can ignite metal by using the hydrogen. 

Convair NB-36H

The nuclear age. 

In some futuristic models, the nuclear-powered shuttles can transport people even to Mars. In history, one nuclear-powered NB-36 H experimental bomber flew research missions to test how nuclear reactors for aviation. Those nuclear-powered aircraft never went to service, because of public opinion.  If a nuclear-powered aircraft falls, that can cause heavy radioactive pollution in large areas. 

The Nuclear-powered aircraft or shuttle can use electric jet engines there the electric arcs or electromagnetic radiation makes the expansion of the air. In some models the system can use phonon there it injects energy. The phonon will send pressure impulses that make pressure into the ramjet or turbojet. 

The engine system can turn to use nuclear chemical rockets in space. These types of shuttles are possible, but there are also safety options that make them hard to make

Return of Orion.

The use of nuclear bombs as the propellant for interplanetary spacecraft is not a new idea. In the 1950's the USAF made a study project called "Orion". The idea was to make a spacecraft that used nuclear bombs to accelerate spacecraft. The system would detonate nuclear bombs behind it. There is introduced a plan to create the airfield operating shuttle that uses a series of neutron bombs to make the project Orion real. The system can use the collapsible shield that protects craft against the nuclear detonators radiation. 

The large-size nuclear-powered aircraft can travel even to Mars if they have suitable engines and enough fuel. The nuclear reactors can hide in the winds of those planes. That gives them lots of surface area to keep the temperature low. In space large structures developed for solar sails can also operate as the cooling system. That conducts thermal radiation into space. The developers can use solar-sail technology to make shields that the craft can open in space. 

Those systems can be used to protect the craft against solar storms. And they are useful to use with neutron bombs. In some scenarios, the shuttle that travels to Mars can use nuclear bombs to send it to the Mars trajectory. The system can send a nuclear bomb behind it. And detonate it behind the craft. This kind of shuttle can carry those bombs in its cargo bay. It can travel to an orbiter where it opens the shield and detonates the bomb. 

The nuclear rockets. 

The Success of Space X's Starship is one of the milestones in space flight. Things like nuclear rockets need a high-capable, heavy-weight launching system. The nuclear rockets might not lift off from Earth using nuclear power. In many scenarios, the rocket lifts off from Earth using conventional rockets. Then at the orbiter, the system starts to use nuclear power. Or maybe the system looks a little bit different than we even thought. 

In many scenarios, the interplanetary shuttles that use nuclear power wait at the Moon orbiter. In the case of accidents, the nuclear debris falls to the Moon. The crew will be transported from the Earth to the Moon orbiter using conventional rockets. Then there the crew will change its craft. To the nuclear-powered rockets that use liquid hydrogen as propellant. 

The nuclear-powered chemical rockets require small and effective nuclear reactors. The small, portable nuclear reactors, PoNus are tools that can make this kind of system possible. But in all cases, there must be a trusted launching system. That transports the reactor into the orbiter. Then the crew must transport nuclear fuel into those rockets. The problem is that if there is an accident, the radioactive fuel will spread all around. The developers must transport that fuel to the orbiter as a small lot as possible. 

The chemical nuclear rocket can drive liquid hydrogen straight through the reactor. That model was used in "Project NERVA". The Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application, NERVA was the primitive chemical nuclear engine. Developers can use things like microwaves lasers and electric arcs to expand the fuel. In those cases, the system takes electricity from the nuclear reactor's cooling cycle. The system can use things like molten salt that it drives through the generator. 

https://hushkit.net/2019/03/29/the-lippisch-p-13-supersonic-wonder-plane-or-nazi-coke-head-an-assessment-by-former-british-technical-liaison/

https://scitechdaily.com/fast-track-to-mars-nasas-nuclear-rockets-cut-travel-time-in-half/

https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/4/4298270/x-51a-waverider-hypersonic-missile-successfully-hits-mach-5-1-in

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_NB-36H

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippisch_P.13a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)

AI and genetics are the ultimate pair.

 

"Over 161,000 RNA viruses have been discovered through AI, showcasing vast, unexplored viral diversity and setting the stage for further scientific breakthroughs. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Revolutionizing Virology: AI Discovers Over 160,000 New RNA Viruses)

The AI found 10,000 new mRNA viruses. That tells about the power of the AI. The complete knowledge of RNA and DNA gives new abilities to create complex and powerful solutions for civil and military purposes. The ability to manipulate cells allows to create of vaccines and countervenoms very fast. The ability to connect certain DNA sequences to certain abilities makes it possible to select the right staff for the right missions. 

Cells use mRNA as text messages. They share information. And that can be the new tool against viruses, bacteria, and maybe cancer. Some cancer events may be caused. Because, those mRNA particles wrote themselves over the programmed cell death, or they disturb the DNA molecule in the cell. If the cell loses its programmed cell death it causes cancer. And maybe things like disturbing the immune system are things behind allergies and rheumatic diseases. 

Maybe the cell will not send the chemical messages to the immune system as it should before it dies. If those messages where the cell tells that it will die start too late, the immune system overreacts. One dead cell in the body can cause death because it makes cell membranes of surrounding cells low voltage. That closes the ion pumps. That makes gangrenes so deadly. If the immune system doesn't have time to select the right tissues. That causes the situation where immune cells start to destroy healthy tissue. 

The mRNA molecule is the text message between cells. We develop artificial viruses. When we develop things like mRNA vaccines that reprogram our immune system. The mRNA and DNA are like computer code, that stores data into the chemical form. The AI makes it possible to read the mRNA by using microscopes and plasma spectrometers. This allows the use of DNA and RNA as data storage. 

The AI is the ultimate tool for genetics. Genomes are straight and well-prepared objects, that the AI can share between multiple genome analyzation systems. That means the neural networks can share even a long DNA between millions of analyzers that can use spectroscopes or scanning laser microscopes to unveil the genome and its secrets. 

That thing allows researchers to create models of the complex DNA. The system can compare the DNA sequences that it analyzes with billions of samples in a very short time. This allows researchers to map genetic disorders and find new viruses. The new manufacturing tools like nano printers make it possible to create artificial DNA and RNA molecules. 

The ability to create artificial DNA makes it possible to create new types of medicines. Artificial DNA also allows researchers to fix the genetic errors in the cells. In those cases, the makes a copy of the DNA. Then it removes non-wanted sequences and replaces damaged DNA from the fertilized egg. That is one of the possibilities to give the genome therapy. 

In some scenarios, artificial DNA makes it possible to use the DNA as a computer program. The artificial DNA can be used to create artificial cells, that give electric impulses to the computer. And those cells can make it possible to create a system that transports data between living and non-organic systems. The AI-controlled system can use a nano-printer to create artificial DNA that it transfers to the bacteria. Then those bacteria give electric pulses to the computer. 

The ability to make the artificial DNA makes it possible to create new types of weapons. Those weapons can be the mRNA bites that can order cells to die. There are multiple things that genetics can make in the wrong hands. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/cells-across-the-tree-of-life-exchange-text-messages-using-rna-20240916/

https://scitechdaily.com/decades-old-mystery-solved-scientists-crack-the-code-of-dna-repair/

https://scitechdaily.com/high-capacity-dna-data-storage-could-all-your-digital-photos-be-stored-as-dna/

https://scitechdaily.com/revolutionizing-virology-ai-discovers-over-160000-new-rna-viruses/

https://scitechdaily.com/uclas-revolutionary-dna-mapping-reveals-secrets-of-human-brain-development/

The biomimetic robot that emulates polyps is a new tool for robotics.

"Researchers from Tampere University in Finland and Anhui Jianzhu University in China have made a significant breakthrough in soft robotics. Their groundbreaking study introduces the first toroidal, light-driven micro-robot that can move autonomously in viscous liquids, such as mucus. This innovation marks a major step forward in developing micro-robots capable of navigating complex environments, with promising applications in fields such as medicine and environmental monitoring." (Tuni.fi/Breakthrough in soft robotics: First toroidal micro-robot to swim autonomously in viscous liquids)

The University of Tampere, Finland along with Anhui Jianzhu University in China. Made the new donut-shaped robot that emulates polyp. The thing with that robot is that it can operate independently. 

This robot uses light to swim in viscose liquid. The ring-shaped robot can operate in liquids like blood or polluted water. And that ability makes it suitable for mapping things like harmful bacteria. The donut robot can also take samples from suspicious tissues and bacteria formation. 

The robot can also close things like blood vessels which makes it suitable to help surgeons. Closing the blood vessels makes it possible to limit blood flow into the tumors. And that is one of the most fundamental cures for cancer. The surgeon can put cathedra that deliver light into the blood vessel, and then give control signals to that robot. 

The thing is that this kind of robot is suitable for many missions. The deep-sea systems can send them to research caves in the ocean bottom. The larger submarines and underwater drones can give control signals to those robots using laser light. The larger donut robots can also involve microchips that allow them to operate independently. 

When we think about miniature robots there are lots of uses for those systems. Those systems can operate in the deep sea, sewers, wastewater treatment plants, the human body, and even on other planets. Maybe in the future. A swarm of those miniature robots will operate in  Titan moon hydrocarbon oceans or Jupiter's atmosphere. 

But those systems are excellent tools for military intelligence. They can travel in the water supply, and slip in closed areas. Then they can record everything that people say. Or those robots can take samples of the water around ships. To uncover the chemical compounds of the fuels and other things. Autonomous miniature robots are things. That can operate in many fields from science to the military. 

https://www.tuni.fi/en/news/breakthrough-soft-robotics-first-toroidal-micro-robot-swim-autonomously-viscous-liquids

https://www.yahoo.com/tech/tiny-doughnut-shaped-robot-swim-172455611.html

Diamond-based quantum computers can be a reality quite soon.

"Precision control of diamond qubits is an important step in the development of quantum computers. Credit: Ioannis Karapatzakis, KIT" (ScitechDaily, Unlocking Quantum Communication: The Power of Diamond-Based Qubits)

Diamonds are tools that can make new and portable quantum computers possible. The researchers can control a thing called tin vacancy centers, SnV in a diamond. That makes it possible to create static qubits. There is also the possibility to use other impurities like noble gas atoms as qubits. Those atoms can be in precise positions in very clean diamonds. When a laser beam impacts those atoms it affects them as a group. 

"Where, for example, laser pulses in a glass fiber transport information from A to B in classical digital communication, quantum mechanics uses individual photons. In principle, this makes it impossible to intercept the transmitted data. Qubits that are optically addressable (can be controlled or read out with light) are suitable for storing the photons’ information and processing it in quantum computers. The qubits can store and process quantum states, and absorb and emit them in the form of photons." (ScitechDaily, Unlocking Quantum Communication: The Power of Diamond-Based Qubits)

The big difference between quantum and classical laser communication is that in quantum communication information is stored in particles. Normally those particles are photons. The quantum data transportation base is in the photon's superposition. When data is stored in photons using a certain energy level or state, that thing means when the receiver wants to read that data, the receiver must know the state, where the data is stored. When the receiver reads data, it will transported to the receiver, and the empty state is left. So, if somebody steals data from qubit receiver sees that thing. The number of qubit states is important because that makes qubit more secure. 

Phononic qubits can be the new tool for quantum computing.

The idea for quantum computers is a diamond-based technology. The diamonds and electrons in them can make classical qubits. But, there is a possibility that researchers can use diamonds as phononic qubits. The phononic qubit means that the system can use sound lasers to make oscillate atoms in the sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, SASER beam. This is the thing that makes the thing, called tractor beam useful for that kind of system. 

The idea is that the nano-diamond pair hangs in an acoustic tractor beam or acoustic tweezers between two diamonds. Then those diamonds send the phonon or acoustic laser beam that makes those diamonds oscillate. And that system makes the acoustic qubits possible. Of course, it's possible to make the acoustic qubits between two cone-shaped diamonds. But that thing is quite difficult to create. The idea in the acoustic qubits is that they create the acoustic pressure field around some monoatomic object. Then system can put those standing waves into superposition. 

https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-quantum-communication-the-power-of-diamond-based-qubits/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit

The new observations tell that the thunderstorms form gamma-rays. That could make gamma-ray lasers possible.

 

"An illustration of NASA’s research plane ER-2 flying over thunderstorms. Credit: University of Bergen / Mount Visual (CC BY 4.0), edited" (ScitechDaily, Surprising Discovery: NASA’s Retrofitted U2 Spy Plane Reveals Tropical Lightning Storms Are Radioactive)

The new observations tell that the thunderstorms form gamma-rays. That could make gamma-ray lasers possible. The process has been observed by the NASA (Lockheed) ER-2 research plane, which is a modified U-2 spy plane. The gamma-ray formation in thunderstorms. Where lightning and electric fields release electrons that impact the air molecules and water droplets is an interesting thing. That thing opens the route to solving many mysteries. 

"The general physics behind how thunderstorms create high-energy flashes of gamma radiation is not a mystery. As thunderstorms develop, swirling drafts drive water droplets, hail, and ice into a mixture that creates an electric charge much like rubbing a balloon on your shirt. Positively charged particles end up at the top of the storm while negatively charged particles drop to the bottom, creating an enormous electric field that can be as strong as 100 million AA batteries stacked end-to-end." (ScitechDaily, Surprising Discovery: NASA’s Retrofitted U2 Spy Plane Reveals Tropical Lightning Storms Are Radioactive)

ER-2

"The researchers were equally excited to see numerous examples of short duration and intense gamma radiation bursts coming from the same thunderstorms. Some of these were precisely like those that were originally detected by the NASA satellites. These almost always occurred in conjunction with an active lightning discharge. This suggests that the large electric field created by lightning is likely supercharging the already high-energy electrons, enabling them to create high-energy nuclear reactions." (ScitechDaily, Surprising Discovery: NASA’s Retrofitted U2 Spy Plane Reveals Tropical Lightning Storms Are Radioactive)

The gamma rays in thunderstorms can make the gamma-ray lasers possible. 

"Since the 1960s, advancements in laser technology have aimed to enhance peak power and produce light at shorter wavelengths, with significant progress marked by the development of chirped pulse amplification in the 1980s. Current research focuses on overcoming challenges in generating coherent gamma rays, a critical step toward revolutionary applications in imaging and material studies. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Is a Gamma-Ray Laser Possible)

1) Gamma-ray tube around the eruption channel

2) Gamma-ray source at the bottom of the tube

3) Gamma-ray beam. 

As you see, the gamma-ray laser is rather a maser than a laser. The reason for that is this: the reflection of gamma rays is impossible. There are no mirrors that can put gamma rays between them like in lasers. In regular lasers, light jumps between mirrors in regular lasers side-coming radiation emission increases that light power. That reflection is impossible in gamma-ray frequency because they are so penetrating. And there is no known material that can reflect the gamma-ray. 

Above: 

Components of a typical laser:

1) Gain medium

2) Laser pumping energy

3) High reflector

4) Output coupler

5) Laser beam

The problem with making the gamma-ray laser has been to produce the artificial gamma-rays. The thing that gamma-ray bursts form in thunderstorms may make it possible to create the gamma-ray laser. The idea of this kind of system is quite simple. There is an artificial cloud in the low-pressure tube that simulates the thundercloud. 

Then the high-power electric systems will inject electricity into that thing. Those systems are similar to those used in particle accelerators. The idea is that the system acts like a maser which is the gamma source at the bottom of the tube. The system injects gamma rays into the tube around the eruption channel, and the gamma-ray source in the bottom makes those gamma rays move. 

The side-coming gamma rays push those gamma rays that are coming from the gamma chamber at the bottom into coherent mode. The system acts like a maser. The side-coming gamma rays increase the power of the gamma rays that travel through the field. 

The system is more like a maser than a laser. The problem is that making gamma-ray reflection is not possible. In maser, the microwave (or magnetic) field increases the microwave power. In a gamma-ray maser or laser, the system uses a gamma-ray field to increase gamma-ray power. 

https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/armstrong/er-2-aircraft/

https://scitechdaily.com/is-a-gamma-ray-laser-possible/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser

Plasmonic systems are tools for new types of computing and communication.

 

"ETH Zurich’s breakthrough in using plasmonic modulators has achieved speeds up to 424Gbit/s, offering new possibilities for space communication and global internet access with potential speeds up to 1.4 Tbit/s. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Revolutionizing Space Communication: 424Gbit/S Achieved With Cutting-Edge Plasmonic Tech)

New space missions require new types of communication. Plasmonic technology can make it possible to make more effective, and more secure data transportation protocols. The other tools are spinning micro- and radio waves. Or the system can use plasmoid channels and spintronics to create high-accurate thin-band data transmission that is protected from outside effects. 

High-speed data transportation requires systems that can protect data against outside, purpose, and non-purpose effects. In some models, the system can transport data using highly accurate maser technology and coherent radio waves that travel in radio wave vortexes or channels. The data can travel in spinning radio- or microwaves. 

Or in data transmission, the system can use (as an example) radiowaves to transmit 1 and microwaves to transmit 0. The laser rays that travel in another laser ray are also promising things. The outside channel denies outsides to see the data, that travels in the data transmission. 

"In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Just as light (an optical oscillation) consists of photons, the plasma oscillation consists of plasmons. The plasmon can be considered as a quasiparticle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscillations, just like phonons are quantizations of mechanical vibrations. Thus, plasmons are collective (a discrete number) oscillations of the free electron gas density. For example, at optical frequencies, plasmons can couple with a photon to create another quasiparticle called a plasmon polariton." (Wikipedia, Plasmon) 

"Experimental setup of the FSO outdoor experiments. Tunable laser source (TLS), driving amplifier (DA), arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), transmitter digital signal processing (Tx-DSP), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), bandpass filter (BPF), optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), polarization division multiplexing emulator (PDM), high power optical amplifier (HPOA), real time controller (RTC), deformable mirror (DFM), wavefront sensor (WFS), optical power meter (OPM), local oscillator (LO), balanced photodetector (BPD), digital storage oscilloscope (DSO), receiver digital signal processing (Rx-DSP). Credit: Laurenz Kulmer, ETH Zurich" (ScitechDaily, Revolutionizing Space Communication: 424Gbit/S Achieved With Cutting-Edge Plasmonic Tech)

"An overview of the proposed system showing an input image layer placed amongst other layers which combine in different ways to perform logical operations when light is passed through the stack. Credit: ©2024 Mashiko et al. CC-BY-ND" (ScitechDaily, From Light Waves to Logic: The Cutting-Edge of Optical Computing)

The system transforms plasma oscillation into the data that the laser wave transports. The idea is that the laser ray travels over oscillating plasma. That oscillation can make a similar image that is made in light-based computing (Above). In plasmonic systems, the plasma replaces that image. 

"Think of it like layers in an image editing application such as Adobe Photoshop: You have an input layer — source image — which can have layers placed on top, that obscure, manipulate or transmit something from the layer beneath. The output — top layer — is essentially processed by the combination of these layers. In this case, these layers will have light passed through them casting an image (hence the “casting” in diffraction casting) on a sensor, which will then become digital data for storage or presentation to the user." (ScitechDaily, From Light Waves to Logic: The Cutting-Edge of Optical Computing)

"Scientists have achieved data rates as high as 424Gbit/s across a 53-km (33-mile) turbulent free-space optical link using plasmonic modulators—devices that use special light waves called surface plasmon polaritons to control and modify optical signals. This new research establishes the foundation for high-speed optical communication links that transmit data through open air or space." (ScitechDaily, Revolutionizing Space Communication: 424Gbit/S Achieved With Cutting-Edge Plasmonic Tech)

"In physics, polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation." (Wikipedia, polariton)

As you see from the diagram above the plasmonic communication system looks like axons. So, plasmonic communication makes it possible to create new tools for hardware-based artificial intelligence. The plasmonic systems can emulate human axons. The ion and anion particles can act as neurotransmitters. And that thing makes the plasmonic communication more effective than we ever thought.  

https://scitechdaily.com/from-light-waves-to-logic-the-cutting-edge-of-optical-computing/

https://scitechdaily.com/microwaves-tune-quantum-spins-in-breakthrough-study/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton

New idea: solar panels that condense water from the air.

 

"The passive cooling device reflects thermal energy back to the sky while collecting water using only gravity and no electricity. Credit: © 2024 KAUST" (ScitechDaily, Gravity-Powered Innovation Transforms Renewable Energy: Solar Panels That Cool and Water Themselves)

New idea: solar panels that condense water from the air. The same systems can also be used to clean air in city areas. 

Researchers in Saudi Arabia developed a new technology that keeps solar panels cool and collects water from the air. The idea is that there is a component in the middle of the V-shaped solar panels. When high-temperature air rises from the sides of the V-shaped structure the cooler air will fall in the middle of the structure. The wall or element causes condensation that condenses water from the air. That kind of system can be useful in the hot deserts. And maybe they can collect water from the air in many other places. 

Water collectors can also clean air from the cities. Especially in summertime, the air is full of vapor that involves lots of pollution like toxic compounds and dust. The water collectors can remove those polluted droplets from the air. And those systems can also produce clean energy. 

The air is filled with vapor or miniature droplets that tie the pollution like dirty dust. When the condensation system removes those droplets from the air it cleans air too. Then that dirty water must be put somewhere or the pollution is recycled into the air. Then system must conduct condensation water treatment plants. Without a cleaning process, polluted water can increase pollution in water. 

The condensation walls can also used to keep humidity at the right level in houses. 

Computer centers can use similar water collectors to keep their air dry. The system requires electric heaters that can work inside buildings. The thing is that the air dryers can be used to clean the air in buildings.

Then the system must just remove the vapor from the air and that kind of system can also used to make the houses more comfortable if the air is too humid which brings fungi and bacteria into the rooms. Computers don't like humid either. And if the air is too dry, it's not comfortable. The system can inject water into the air if it's too dry. 

The problem is: how to remove water from the air if the humidity rises too high. But if we want to adjust the humidity in the air. We must put the vapor somewhere. We can raise the temperature, but the high temperature makes rooms uncomfortable. And high temperatures don't remove humidity.  

https://scitechdaily.com/gravity-powered-innovation-transforms-renewable-energy-solar-panels-that-cool-and-water-themselves/

The new robots look more human than ever before.

Researchers have made human-looking robots with living human tissue. When researchers connect this kind of robot with the Chat-GPT type interactive AI, they can create a robot that can operate autonomously in social situations. Those robots can eat and drink like humans and their skin feels like human. Those robots can use wireless electric transport, or they might have various power sources. The wireless electric transfer can transfer electricity to the robot through its skin. The robot can also have fuel cells in its bones. Those systems can use various fuels like methane to give electricity. 

So those robots can have internal anaerobic reactors where living bacteria create methane.  The filter system can remove carbon from methane. Or the robot can have a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG)  hiding in its skeleton. The robot can use portable communication tools like mobile telephones to communicate with central computers and other robots. 

Some entertainment companies are developing those kinds of robots for entertainment purposes. But the fact is that those robots are suitable for military and law enforcement missions as well as "intelligent sex dolls". The skeleton of those robots can be carbon fiber which is lightweight and hard. Things like titanium and chromium are also hard and effective materials for the skeleton. Suppose the engineers want to use metal alloys. They can select hard and lightweight metals. Those antimagnetic metals don't alarm in the metal detectors. 

The thing is that those robots are suitable for any work that humans can do. The fact is that robots always follow their program. And that's why military and intelligence authorities are interested in those robots. Robots that operate in covert missions are immune to bribes. The robot doesn't also have friends. That means robots will report things without changing facts. 

The recon robot can look like some people. Dead criminals or captured enemy soldiers can give faces and other details to those robots. The robot can have a central computer inside its wrist. It can also have internal networks of auxiliary processors. Those processors can control the joints in the skeleton. 

That makes the central processing unit, and CPU work easier. Each servo engine in joints can involve a microchip that knows which servo it operates. So when the CPU orders to bend the knee, the microchip that operates the knee servo will react. Those robots might also have reflexes. If the balance sensor sees that the robot has fallen, it sends a signal to servo engines to make the fixing movement. The robot can also have plastic muscles. Those elastic fibers make robots more realistic. 

But the other thing is that. Those robots must sometimes intervene in the situation that they see. And that is one of the things that we must realize when we think about robots. If we think about things like military robots that look like humans, we must realize that the robot can act as a walking time bomb. 

It's possible to hide explosives in its body. Or it can use the same weapon as humans. 

The so-called shadow protocol makes those robots dangerous. There is a possibility that some criminals or special purpose officials send those human-looking robots to hostile areas. They might look very handsome, but if the robot sees an authorized target, that thing makes the robot run the elimination procedure. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-sexdoll-china-starpery-technology?dicbo=v2-oCmwcN

https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/scientists-are-now-covering-robots-with-living-skin-heres-why

MIT's tractor beam can make the new types of SASER systems possible

  

"This chip-based "tractor-beam," which uses an intensely focused beam of light to capture and manipulate biological particles without damaging the cells, could help biologists study the mechanisms of diseases."(Interesting Engineering, MIT’s Star Wars-inspired ‘tractor beam’ uses light to capture, manipulate cells)

MIT's tractor beam can make the new types of SASER systems possible. The tractor beam just hovers the nanoparticle in air or medium, and then the laser or some other electromagnetic system transports oscillation into those particles. The ability to make cells and other particles hover in the system makes it possible to create particles whose energy level or resonance frequencies are accurately calculated things. 

That thing makes it possible to create things that transmit wave movement accurately and cleanly. This is one version of the use of a tractor beam. Modern tractor beams are like acoustic tweezers where sound waves lock the object in its crossing position. Those systems can used to create very high-energy crystals. The idea is that those systems will use the nanocrystals to transport data or energy into the inner shell of the business. 

The tractor rays are theoretically quite easy to produce. And that makes them good research topics. Tractor rays are theoretically quite easy to make. The system must create a tornado that isolates the internal area of the whirl from outer space.

When we think about the tractor beam and the cosmic vacuum, we must realize that cosmic vacuums are full of ions and anions. It is theoretically possible to create an energy tornado through the plasma- or Higgs field. That energy or wave movement-based tornado makes a hole through the universe. 

The system must "only" create the tornado through the Higgs field. Then the system must decrease the energy level in the bottom of the tornado. That makes Higgs field travel to the lower energy areas like energy always travels. In the atmosphere, the system can make a tornado-shaped structure.  

There is the possibility that the system can pull all gas and ice away from the system's center. This makes low-pressure areas in the tornado. Those low-pressure areas make that tractor beam work. If the energy level in a tornado is lower than the environment. That drives quantum fields to try to fill those low-pressure areas.

https://interestingengineering.com/science/mits-star-wars-inspired-tractor-beam-uses-light-to-capture-manipulate-cells

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation

The Chinese work with advanced sound lasers.

"The microsphere, levitated by the dual beam optical tweezer (green), is driven by the active optomechanical system (red) to generate nonlinear phonon lasers (colored waves). Meanwhile, the injected electrical signal, represented by the white lightning mark, acts as a simple but powerful way to enhance the quality of the nonlinear phonon laser, shown as the colored spectrum. Credit: Guangzong Xiao, Tengfang Kuang, Yutong He, Xinlin Chen, Wei Xiong, Xiang Han, Zhongqi Tan, Hui Luo, Hui Jing" (ScitechDaily, Chinese Scientists Unveil the World’s Most Powerful Sound Laser)

Any material that is either tight enough or has an echo space inside it can be used as a nanoparticle that forms the soundwaves. The requirement for that material is that it is homogenous. In some models, there are the nano-balls and there is the small tube in the center of the ball. The system sends energy impulses to the nanoball and then that ball sends acoustic impulses to the center of it. 

The tube and nanopyramid in it can aim acoustic waves in the right direction. The system can also use things like liquids and whirl around the acoustic tube. The system shoots resonating waves to that whirl. The whirl should be homogenous so, the liquid can be liquid hydrogen or nitrogen. The system can send acoustic waves through that liquid. In some other models. There are lots of fullerene balls. The system is used to make coherent sound waves. 

The diagram of the laser. In sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, SASER, the system uses a similar structure to create acoustic waves. There are many methods to make that coherent sound wave. 

Chinese researchers created the most powerful acoustic lasers in the world. The new acoustic laser base is in the nanostructures that the laser rays will put to oscillate. The homogenous echo chambers can be around the tube. And the system sends the soundwave from the bottom. The side-coming soundwaves inject energy and push the acoustic waves into a tight and coherent form. 

"The measured power spectrum (PSD) of phonons shows more than 3 orders enhancement in brightness and narrowed linewidth, revealing wide application scenarios covering audible and ultra-sound scope. Credit: Guangzong Xiao, Tengfang Kuang, Yutong He, Xinlin Chen, Wei Xiong, Xiang Han, Zhongqi Tan, Hui Luo, Hui Jing"  (ScitechDaily, Chinese Scientists Unveil the World’s Most Powerful Sound Laser)

The difference between acoustic and electromagnetic waves is the size of oscillating particles. In acoustic waves the system makes atoms or molecules oscillate. The acoustic laser can use the oscillating diamond or carbon crystals to make the coherent acoustic wave. The difference between electromagnetic and acoustic waves is that acoustic waves don't heat objects. 

The nanotube-based acoustic lasers can be used to create the SONAR CCD systems. Those high-accurate sonars can used for many purposes from medical to military applications. 

That makes the acoustic wave, that acts like a laser ray. The idea of Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, SASER is the same as laser rays. Rather saying, SASERs look like masers rather than lasers. The wave movement or energy beam travels through a tube. There the oscillation systems pump energy into it. 

"The phonon laser boosts the phononics to coherent regime with wider frequency range, thus can achieve higher accuracy and further broaden the application scenarios, such as lesion identification of multiform organs and tissues, deep-sea detection of flora and fauna. Credit: Guangzong Xiao, Tengfang Kuang, Yutong He, Xinlin Chen, Wei Xiong, Xiang Han, Zhongqi Tan, Hui Luo, Hui Jing" (ScitechDaily, Chinese Scientists Unveil the World’s Most Powerful Sound Laser)

And if we look at the diagram of the laser systems the lightning tube must only replaced by loudspeakers or acoustic resonators. In lasers, those lightning tubes create light, that amplifies a laser ray, that travels in the laser tube. There are two mirrors on both sides of the laser tube. The light jumps between those mirrors and lighting tubes pump energy into that stading wave.

Nanotechnology makes it possible to create nanotube structures where so-called nanocrystals inject acoustic waves into the nanotube. The crystal at the bottom sends the wave that the system amplifies. In some models, the system uses a "lightning tube" that is filled with liquid or some kind of vapor. 

There could be nano-bubbles in those tubes and then the system can make those bubbles oscillate. There is the possibility of replacing mirrors using the loudspeakers. Those loudspeakers make standing waves between them. Then the system opens the loudspeakers and releases that soundwave.  

In some other models, the acoustic wave travels in the central tube of the structure. There are atom or molecule chains in tubes around the central tube. The outcoming energy makes those atom chains oscillate and that sends energy into the center of the central tube. And then there is the acoustic stress resonance from the bottom of that chain. That resonance aims at the acoustic beam. 

There are lots of applications for the SASER systems. Those systems can create extremely accurate ultra-sound research. Or they can act in the deep sea research. 

https://scitechdaily.com/chinese-scientists-unveil-the-worlds-most-powerful-sound-laser/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation

The next dream of computing is photonic computers.

"An overview of the proposed system showing an input image layer placed amongst other layers which combine in different ways to perform logical operations when light is passed through the stack. Credit: ©2024 Mashiko et al. CC-BY-ND" (ScitechDaily, From Light Waves to Logic: The Cutting-Edge of Optical Computing) 

Japanese researchers are working with fundamental optical gates that can revolutionize optical computing. The optical gates are the tools that can make it possible to create fully optical computers. In traditional versions, the optical system transmits information only between microchips. 

Photonic computers use light for communication. In those systems, all wires between components are replaced using optical fiber or nanotubes. Binary photonic computers are easy to make. The shadow or cut in the light means zero. And full power light means one. In the easiest models, there are two optical wires. Wire A means 1, and wire B means 0. Those photonic beams will be sent to the photovoltaic cells that transform those laser rays into electric impulses. 

When we think about complex systems that must be very fast there can also be some third wire between wires A and B. The system works like this. The wires are A, X, and B. When the system sends data in line A, the system translates this line A as 1. The line X means "pause".The pause is a separator, that separates bits from each other.  And the line B is 0. The pause allows the system to send two 1s or two 0s successively. The data flow seems like this. 

1(pause X) 0 (pause X) 0 (pause X) 1 (pause X). 

The purpose of "pause" is to keep those bits in order. The system can also connect serial numbers to each bit. The problem is always in the laser system if the system sends two bits at the same time it is possible that the data will be corrupted. If every bit involves a serial number, that helps to keep data in the right order. 

This kind of system requires an AI-based advanced operating system. When we think about the 0 and 1 in photonic computers we can say, that the IR frequency can be one and the UV can be 0. Or we can use any other two or three radiation frequencies. The third frequency is the pause or separator, which separates 1 and 0 or any other two bits from each other. That has the same purpose as the third wire. 

The information transporting laser rays can travel through nanotubes or in other hollow laser rays. The purpose of those systems is to protect information. 

However, there is a possibility that highly advanced systems can use linear light waves that cut each other. 

The third wire which can be an electric wire tells the system if the electricity is on. If the electricity is cut, the intelligent system can save data to mass memory.  

In nanotube-based photonic systems, lasers transport information. The newest system uses light waves to cut the information-carrying light waves. When other light waves travel around the information-carrying waves protect the information, that travels in it. The idea is that the system can make the shadows send light waves across each other. 

https://scitechdaily.com/from-light-waves-to-logic-the-cutting-edge-of-optical-computing/

Researchers found a "pause" button that can stop the human embryo advance.

Researchers found a "pause" button that can stop the human embryo advance. And that thing can have many solutions. In the case of a mother's illness or injury, the medical team can save the embryo's life by stopping its advance. But that ability can make things like interstellar travel possible. 

It's one theoretically, a very easy, way to transfer people to the other solar system if we don't want to get them back. The mission controllers can use the human embryos for the other solar system. Those colonists can have the robot controllers, and they can have the training material for the mission. That thing might not yet be possible. Because of our culture and moralistic-ethical thinking. Of course, technology sets limits to that kind of project. 

"Research indicates that humans might harness a dormant diapause-like capability to optimize reproductive health and IVF success. (A dormant human blastoid.) Credit: © Heidar Heidari Khoei/IMBA" (ScitechDaily, Hitting Pause on Life: Researchers Discover How to Delay Human Embryo Growth)

In some versions, the Space Ark transports people on the journey, which takes a minimum of hundreds of years. That hypothetical generation craft has two groups. The crew who operate and control the flight. And the colonists who land on those planets. Maybe someday in the future, we will make that kind of mission. 

The pause for embryo growth is more fundamental than we ever could imagine. This thing means that researchers could put embryos into the freezers for a long time. And that is, of course, a fundamental step for stem cell research. But the ability to stop embryo growth and advance is the tool, that makes things like interstellar journeys possible. When we think about the enormous distances in the universe and situations where we cannot return home we can send embryos to that journey. 

The idea is that the genetically engineered humans will make that journey as embryos, and then the computers teach them using artificial intelligence, Virtual reality, and brain shell stimulation. Theoretically, the ability to control the embryo advance brings the dream of immortality closer than we ever think. If we think about immortality it's possible to create nanotechnology, that fixes DNA in our cells. 

Or the persons make clones of themselves. Then that person will write letters to that cloned descendant or make the digital recordings. Then the defendant will use those recordings to reach the same intelligence and knowledge that the "original person" had.  Those things cause discussions and many opinions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/hitting-pause-on-life-researchers-discover-how-to-delay-human-embryo-growth/

Iron Dome is one of the most effective air defense systems.

The Iron Dome is a missile defense system whose missiles operate with highly sophisticated and effective artificial intelligence. The power of this missile defense base is in selective fire. The system calculates the incoming missile's trajectory. And it shoots only missiles that will hit the inhabited area. The system saves missiles and focuses defense on areas that mean something. The system shares the incoming missiles in, maybe two groups. Another is harmless and another is harmful. 

Things like killer drones are also problematic because their trajectories are harder to calculate than ballistic missiles. The thing that makes drones dangerous is that they can make masks for ballistic missiles. And even if those drones are slow, all of them must be shot down. 

The thing is that the cooperation between drone swarms and ballistic missiles is the next danger in conflict areas. In the film, you can see how drones make light images of the skies. The killer drones can also carry LED lights and they can be used to disturb air defense against the ballistic missiles. 

In the regular models, the enemy shoots very many drones against targets. Ukraine has shown that any drone must not be allowed to reach its targets. And that causes the threat that. Maybe there are not enough missiles in the storage. The idea is that drones can be used to wear out the missiles. The AA guns have similar problems with missiles. They have limited ammunition storage.  And this is one of the reasons, why the researchers develop the directed energy weapons, DEW. The Iron Beam lasers can replenish the Iron Dome.

The drones and LED lights can be used to hide incoming missiles behind them. The killer drones can also try to harm the AA missile bases. Remotely controlled drones can involve targeting transmitters. The enemy agents can try to land that kind of transmitter on the roofs of targeted houses, and then those missiles and drones aim at that target. So military forces are testing or using laser microwave weapons (like Iron Beam, THEL, and THOR) to destroy drone swarms. One of the solutions can be the electromagnetic pulse, EMP that destroys drone computers.  The high-power microwave systems can affect the drone swarm as an entirety. The high-power radio impulses can also used to jam the drone communication. 

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-20385306

https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/lockheed-martin-israels-rafael-develop-laser-weapon-system-2022-12-05

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_High_Energy_Laser

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THOR_(weapon)